{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:33:25Z","timestamp":1790123605548,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Commonwealth Fusion Systems LLC","award":["MIT RPP021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MIT RPP021"]}]},{"name":"Commonwealth Fusion Systems LLC","award":["RPP031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RPP031"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>With plasma currents up to 8.7 MA, the SPARC tokamak runs the risk of forming multi-MA beams of relativistic \u201crunaway\u201d electrons (REs), which could damage plasma facing components if unmitigated. The infrared (IR) and visible imaging and visible spectroscopy systems in SPARC are designed with measurements of synchrotron emission from REs in mind. Synchrotron radiation is emitted by REs along their direction of motion, opposite the plasma current. Matched clockwise and counterclockwise wide views are proposed to detect synchrotron and background radiation, allowing observation of RE synchrotron emission in both plasma current configurations. Due to SPARC\u2019s high toroidal magnetic field strength, 12.2\u00a0T on axis, the synchrotron light spectrum is expected to peak in the visible-IR wavelength range. The synthetic diagnostic tool, Synchrotron Orbit-Following Toolkit, is used to model synchrotron images and spectra for three scenarios, with appropriate magnetic equilibria for each: REs generated during plasma current ramp-up, steady-state flat-top (although unlikely, but serving as a reference), and disruptions. Required time resolutions, achievable spatial coverage, and appropriate spectral ranges for various RE energies are assessed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0219477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T13:25:25Z","timestamp":1730813125000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Synthetic measurements of runaway electron synchrotron emission in the SPARC tokamak"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3711-1834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. A.","family":"Tinguely","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1 , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6149-1136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. 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