{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T11:27:13Z","timestamp":1753874833441,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"11","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFA1602504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFA1602504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12027809","12374239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12027809","12374239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province of China,","award":["25JRRA195"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25JRRA195"]}]},{"name":"Young Scholars Science Foundation of Lanzhou Jiaotong University","award":["1200061329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1200061329"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Among the group 10 transition metal monoxides, only the palladium monoxide (PdO) radical has hitherto eluded detection in optical spectra. In this study, we report the first optical spectra of the gas-phase PdO molecule using the laser-induced fluorescence excitation and single-vibronic-level (SVL) emission spectroscopies. Eight rotationally resolved excitation spectra were observed in 17\u2009800\u201323\u2009650\u00a0cm\u22121, allowing the determination of the vibrational frequencies and rotational constants for the ground and five highly excited electronic states. Six low-energy \u03a9 states below 3500\u00a0cm\u22121 were identified from the SVL emission spectra and assigned to six spin\u2013orbit components of the X\u20093\u03a3\u2212 and A\u20093\u03a0 electronic states. Furthermore, high-level ab\u00a0initio calculations were performed on numerous \u039b\u2212S and \u03a9 electronic states to support the assignments from the experimental observations. The spectral results elucidate the bonding characteristics of PdO and provide support for verifying the significant relativistic effect on the bonding of PtO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0256862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T10:59:14Z","timestamp":1742554754000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Laser spectroscopic study of the electronic states of palladium monoxide (PdO)"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"162","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7484-9697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Physics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University 1 , Lanzhou 730070,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9820-2476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaofan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University 2 , Xi\u2019an 710127,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers 3 , Xi\u2019an 710127,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0747-2428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenli","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University 2 , Xi\u2019an 710127,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers 3 , Xi\u2019an 710127,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 4 , Lanzhou 730000,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8305-8876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianhuang","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 4 , Lanzhou 730000,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9221-6228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 4 , Lanzhou 730000,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Heavy Ion Science and Technology Key Laboratory, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 5 , Lanzhou 73000,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory 6 , Huizhou 516003,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032110570472800_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4737","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32450-6","volume":"13","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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