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While injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors is the current gold standard treatment, their invasive nature reduces patient compliance and treatment outcomes and increases the risk of complications. In this review, we explore the recent advancements in drug delivery systems designed to overcome ocular barriers to effectively deliver drugs to the retina. We examine advancements in intravitreal injections, such as novel formulations, therapeutic molecules, and sustained-release implants. Moreover, we discuss innovations in noninvasive strategies, such as topical delivery systems incorporating cell-penetrating peptides, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, and nano-micelles. These technologies aim to enhance drug penetration, stability, and bioavailability. Although preclinical and clinical trials have yielded promising results, challenges remain in ensuring long-term safety and efficacy. This review highlights future research directions to optimize these approaches and develop more effective, patient-friendly therapies for retinal diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0264382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T12:39:53Z","timestamp":1751027993000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Recent advancements in polymer science for retinal diseases: New frontiers in drug delivery systems"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2989-1482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 1 , Singapore,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute 2 , Singapore,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0403-8892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 1 , Singapore,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"University of Cambridge 3 , Cambridge,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 4 , Singapore,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 1 , Singapore,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 4 , Singapore,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital 5 , Singapore,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 6 , Singapore,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2578-293X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zengping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 1 , Singapore,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute 2 , Singapore,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 4 , Singapore,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 6 , Singapore,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2025062708394534600_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4652(200009)184:3&lt;301::AID-JCP3&gt;3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Retinal and choroidal neovascularization","volume":"184","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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