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We develop and apply a queuing theory-based approach to determine the mobilities of ions at arbitrary field strengths and in the presence of condensable vapor molecules. The theory is compared to direct molecular dynamics simulations of doubly charged bradykinin ions in the presence of methanol at variable vapor pressure, demonstrating that mobility predictions can be made with the queuing theory approach, which only requires several clearly defined input parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0278606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T06:20:21Z","timestamp":1751955621000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Queuing theory-based predictions of ion mobility shifts via vapor clustering at arbitrary field strength"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"163","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2651-2122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoya","family":"Tamadate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Kanazawa University 1 , Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7655-4980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Hogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota 2 , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025070806201871300_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4916(58)90049-6","article-title":"Mobility of gaseous lons in weak electric fields","volume":"4","year":"1958","journal-title":"Ann. 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