{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T21:46:53Z","timestamp":1790027213918,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"10","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00453435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00453435"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute for Mathematical Sciences","award":["NIMS-B25730000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIMS-B25730000"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Since the COVID-19 outbreak in late 2019, the World Health Organization quickly declared it a pandemic, resulting in significant casualties and economic disruptions. Models such as susceptible\u2013infected\u2013removed and metapopulation approaches have been widely used to study its spread. However, traditional metapopulation models, designed primarily for migration, may not adequately represent modern daily commuting patterns. To address this limitation, the Commuter Metapopulation Model (CMPM) was developed, which assigns populations to the edges of commuting networks rather than the nodes, as is the case with Standard Metapopulation Models (SMPMs). The CMPM incorporates mobile telecommunication data to reflect daily human movements, including commuting, school travel, and other mobility patterns, and was applied to the case of South Korea. The results indicate that while the SMPM struggles to capture localized infection variability, the CMPM effectively represents diverse transmission patterns driven by daily commuting behaviors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0284992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T14:49:05Z","timestamp":1760453345000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Commuter metapopulation models for epidemic spreading in human mobility networks"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3801-3198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changhee","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Inha University 1 , Incheon 22212,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1048-5828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Okyu","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Mathematical Sciences 2 , Daejeon 34047,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8427-2470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"KyoungEun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Natural Environment, Korea Environment Institute 3 , Sejong 30147,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0622-4649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Woo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Inha University 1 , Incheon 22212,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Physics Research Institute, Inha University 4 , Incheon 22212,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101410483168500_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s41256-020-00135-6","article-title":"The coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan","volume":"5","year":"2020","journal-title":"China Global Health Res. 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