{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:29:57Z","timestamp":1790738997798,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"24","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001502","name":"Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1603\/2\/2020\/IoP\/R\\&D-II\/150288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1603\/2\/2020\/IoP\/R\\&D-II\/150288"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001502","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The non-equilibrium dynamics of individual chiral active particles underpin the complex behavior of chiral active matter. Here, we present an exact analytical framework, supported by simulations, to characterize the steady states of two-dimensional chiral active Brownian particles and three-dimensional torque-driven counterparts in a harmonic trap. Using a Laplace-transform approach to the Fokker\u2013Planck equation, we derive closed-form expressions for displacement moments and excess kurtosis, providing a precise probe of non-Gaussian statistics. Our analysis reveals three distinct regimes characterized by bimodal distributions with off-center peaks, Gaussian-like distributions, and weakly heavy-tailed distributions unique to two dimensions. We show that dimensionality plays a decisive role: in two dimensions, increasing chirality suppresses activity and restores Gaussian-like behavior, whereas in three dimensions, torque sustains anisotropic steady states and preserves non-Gaussianity even at high chirality. These behaviors are captured by simple active length-scale arguments that map the boundaries between Gaussian-like and non-Gaussian states. Our results offer concrete experimental signatures\u2014including kurtosis crossovers, off-center peaks, and torque-induced anisotropy\u2014that establish confinement as a powerful tool to probe and control chiral and torque-driven active matter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0301938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T12:36:17Z","timestamp":1766579777000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Chirality, confinement, and dimensionality govern re-entrant transitions in active matter"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"163","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6850-101X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anweshika","family":"Pattanayak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali 1 , Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli, Mohali PO 140306,","place":["India"]},{"name":"Department of Theoretical Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 2 , Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1784-7737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Shee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Vermont 3 , Burlington, Vermont 05405,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1759-125X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debasish","family":"Chaudhuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics 4 , Sachivalaya Marg, Bhubaneswar 751005,","place":["India"]},{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute 5 , Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0458-9601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhishek","family":"Chaudhuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali 1 , Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. 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