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Conventional detection methods are often limited by optical loss, insufficient sensitivity, and delayed response. To overcome these limitations, we design a miniaturized flat circular multi-pass cell that maximizes optical path length and irradiance utilization while maintaining a small chamber volume. The configuration consists of a planar reflector array combined with a semi-closed housing, where a microporous cover promotes stable and uniform gas exchange. With optimized incident and reflection angles, the beam traces a spiral two-layer trajectory, yielding a total optical path of 1.54\u00a0m inside a cell of only 18.85 ml. A comparative study of polygonal reflection layouts identifies the 20-spike geometry as the most efficient compromise between structural complexity and optical efficiency, leading to merely 8.743% signal attenuation after multiple reflections. Unlike traditional spherical or parabolic mirror cells, this design not only suppresses loss effectively but also enhances average irradiance by nearly threefold. The tolerance analysis of the model is carried out to ensure that the beam propagates stably in the cell without deviation. Simulation further reveals that increasing beam divergence from 0.03\u00b0 to 0.075\u00b0 enlarges the spot size and aggravates optical loss. Owing to its compactness and reduced energy dissipation, the proposed structure enables direct in situ hydrogen detection within fuel cells, providing improved spatial efficiency and faster measurement response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0304197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T13:38:27Z","timestamp":1770989907000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optical path coupling optimization analysis of compact flat circular multi-pass cell for hydrogen leakage laser absorption spectroscopy detection"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University 1 , Daqing 163318,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Thermal Utilization and Disaster Reduction of New Energy in Cold Regions, Northeast Petroleum University 2 , Daqing 163318,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianyang","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University 1 , Daqing 163318,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4036-814X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Di","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Thermal Utilization and Disaster Reduction of New Energy in Cold Regions, Northeast Petroleum University 2 , Daqing 163318,","place":["China"]},{"name":"School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University 3 , Daqing 163318,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University 1 , Daqing 163318,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Thermal Utilization and Disaster Reduction of New Energy in Cold Regions, Northeast Petroleum University 2 , Daqing 163318,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute 4 , Hangzhou 310051,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanlei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Thermal Utilization and Disaster Reduction of New Energy in Cold Regions, Northeast Petroleum University 2 , Daqing 163318,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Hangzhou Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute 4 , Hangzhou 310051,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute 4 , Hangzhou 310051,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weijian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Thermal Utilization and Disaster Reduction of New Energy in Cold Regions, Northeast Petroleum University 2 , Daqing 163318,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Hangzhou Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute 4 , Hangzhou 310051,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daqing OILFIELD Limited Company 5 , Daqing 163000,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2026021308382479700_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5100113","DOI":"10.1109\/jphot.2025.3567000","article-title":"Tunable diode laser plasmonic grating spectroscopy for hydrogen sensing","volume":"17","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics J."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026021308382479700_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.3390\/nano15110836","article-title":"Early detection of hydrogen leakage using fiber optic hydrogen sensor based on WO3-PdPt-Pt nanocomposite films","volume":"15","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"2026021308382479700_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"025342","DOI":"10.1088\/2631-8695\/add4c7","article-title":"A low-cost quantitative hydrogen concentration detection system","volume":"7","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eng. 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