{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T19:32:06Z","timestamp":1770751926713,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFA1404000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFA1404000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFA1402004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFA1402004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFA1405300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFA1405300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12574318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12574318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62201481"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62201481"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["123B2062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["123B2062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015306","name":"Fund for Shanxi Key Subjects Construction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018621","name":"Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IRT_17R70"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRT_17R70"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Perfect laser mode is required in many research fields such as quantum computing and precision measurement. Fiber optics provides a useful tool for maintaining a high quality laser when transmitting the laser over a long distance. Fiber link between modular structures of complicated optical paths increases the effectiveness and robustness of the optical experiment. It is a key element in coupling the laser into fiber with high efficiency in fiber optics applications. However, in confined or vacuum environments, such as spacecraft cabins, manual alignment is nearly impossible, highlighting the need for automated solutions. In this study, we experimentally investigated several automatic coupling algorithms, including the iterative scanning method and three global optimization algorithms. The results show that Bayesian optimization, by exploiting multidimensional control and high-precision actuation, enabled the coupling efficiency to reach its maximum of higher than 93% within 10\u00a0s. These algorithms provide repeatable and high-precision fiber alignment solutions for all-optical experiments under different conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0310572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T13:36:02Z","timestamp":1770730562000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fast automatic fiber coupling using global optimization algorithms approaching the experimental efficiency limit"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4085-2879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices, Shanxi University 1 , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University 2 , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8926-8075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices, Shanxi University 1 , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University 2 , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9576-9148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices, Shanxi University 1 , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University 2 , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenguang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices, Shanxi University 1 , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University 2 , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2068-6068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingyong","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices, Shanxi University 1 , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University 2 , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8851-0715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zongkai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices, Shanxi University 1 , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University 2 , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9078-0519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junyao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices, Shanxi University 1 , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University 2 , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8668-1895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linjie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices, Shanxi University 1 , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University 2 , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0104-8634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liantuan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices, Shanxi University 1 , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University 2 , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suotang","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices, Shanxi University 1 , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University 2 , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021008355864900_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1103\/revmodphys.74.145","volume":"74","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"070501","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevlett.124.070501","volume":"124","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210801","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevlett.130.210801","volume":"130","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250502","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevlett.126.250502","volume":"126","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2020.106687","volume":"135","year":"2021","journal-title":"Opt. Laser Technol."},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s13320-021-0629-2","volume":"11","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photonic Sens."},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"071102","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0142798","article-title":"Tutorial; special collection: Ultrafast laser fabrication enabled photonics and devices","volume":"8","year":"2023","journal-title":"APL Photonics"},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210055","DOI":"10.29026\/oea.2022.210055","volume":"5","year":"2022","journal-title":"Opto-Electron. Adv."},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2019.101620","volume":"62","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal."},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.200900087","volume":"3","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biophot."},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s43074-024-00133-8","volume":"5","year":"2024","journal-title":"PhotoniX"},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5427","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.43.005427","volume":"43","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300008","DOI":"10.3788\/LOP223112","volume":"60","year":"2023","journal-title":"Laser Optoelectron. Prog."},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2208001","DOI":"10.3788\/CJL230448","volume":"50","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Lasers"},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701002","DOI":"10.3788\/CJL231330","volume":"51","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. J. Lasers"},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103009","DOI":"10.3788\/IRLA201847.0103009","volume":"47","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infrared Laser Eng."},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s12567-019-00271-x","volume":"11","year":"2019","journal-title":"CEAS Space J."},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c18","first-page":"236","volume":"14","year":"2006","journal-title":"Opt. Precis. Eng."},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c19","unstructured":"Y.\n            Liu\n          , Research on Coupling Law and Alignment Algorithm of Silicon Grating Coupler and Fiber, Ph.D. thesis (Central South University, 2022)."},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c20","unstructured":"Y.\n            Li\n          , Research on Alignment of Integrated Photonic Devices Based on Genetic Algorithm, Master\u2019s Thesis (Central South University, 2009)."},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8481146","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8481146","volume":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Opt."},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c22","first-page":"1942","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c23","first-page":"81","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1008202821328","volume":"11","year":"1997","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Global Optim."},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c25","volume-title":"Differential Evolution: A Practical Approach to Global Optimization","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c26","volume-title":"Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026021008355864900_c27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"032047","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/304\/3\/032047","volume":"304","year":"2019","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci."}],"container-title":["Review of Scientific Instruments"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/rsi\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1063\/5.0310572\/20896496\/023001_1_5.0310572.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/rsi\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1063\/5.0310572\/20896496\/023001_1_5.0310572.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T13:36:05Z","timestamp":1770730565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/rsi\/article\/97\/2\/023001\/3379008\/Fast-automatic-fiber-coupling-using-global"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/5.0310572","relation":{},"ISSN":["0034-6748","1089-7623"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0034-6748","type":"print"},{"value":"1089-7623","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"article-number":"023001"}}