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While many computational studies have examined hemorheology under periodic or wall-confined flows, these approaches cannot capture the exchange of mass, momentum, and energy with the surroundings, a feature essential for the realistic simulation of non-equilibrium processes. Open-boundary methods provide this capability but remain largely underexplored. We present the first application of open-boundary molecular dynamics (OBMD) to RBC suspensions, with explicit control of flux exchange across the open boundary. The framework combines dissipative particle dynamics for the solvent and a coarse-grained RBC membrane model and introduces a novel, efficient membrane insertion algorithm capable of handling high hematocrits. It reproduces experimental bulk hemorheological properties, including shear-thinning and hematocrit-dependent viscosity. Our results validate OBMD for modeling blood rheology and establish a computational foundation for future studies of ultrasound\u2013blood interactions and other phenomena where periodic boundaries constrain natural dynamics, such as pressure-driven flows, transient inflows, and cell-free layer formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0313643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T10:48:57Z","timestamp":1773139737000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Open-boundary molecular dynamics of red blood cell suspensions"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"164","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7371-7228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0161a","family":"Lah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, National Institute of Chemistry 1 , SI-1001 Ljubljana,","place":["Slovenia"]},{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana 2 , SI-1000 Ljubljana,","place":["Slovenia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8466-8993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tilen","family":"Potisk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, National Institute of Chemistry 1 , SI-1001 Ljubljana,","place":["Slovenia"]},{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana 2 , SI-1000 Ljubljana,","place":["Slovenia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0825-1659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matej","family":"Praprotnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, National Institute of Chemistry 1 , SI-1001 Ljubljana,","place":["Slovenia"]},{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana 2 , SI-1000 Ljubljana,","place":["Slovenia"]},{"name":"Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems 3 , 08028 Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031006485324400_c1","volume-title":"Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology","year":"2021","edition":"14"},{"key":"2026031006485324400_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1966.21.1.81","article-title":"Effects of hematocrit and plasma proteins on human blood rheology at low shear rates","volume":"21","year":"1966","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Appl. 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