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One promising approach is the conversion of CO2 into value-added materials, with electrochemical carbon mineralization emerging as a particularly effective method. This process converts CO2 into carbonate minerals, fixing CO2 in a solid form and resulting in a class of carbon-negative composites with unique material properties, including high toughness, fire resistance, self-healing capabilities, and reprocessability. Despite its advancements and potential, the theoretical understanding of electrochemical carbon mineralization remains incomplete. To bridge this gap, this study establishes theoretical and phase-field modeling frameworks to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms underlying electrochemical carbon mineralization. By integrating experiments, analytical modeling, and phase-field simulations, we investigate key factors influencing mineral growth, including electrode diameter, applied voltage, Ca2+ concentration, and electrode cross-sectional shape. 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