{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T03:59:05Z","timestamp":1777953545493,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"17","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 12222403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 12222403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 12474168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 12474168"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["and No. 12534012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["and No. 12534012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Quantum Science Strategic Initiative","award":["No. GDZX2401002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. GDZX2401002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Group II\u2013VI magic clusters, featuring precise atomic compositions, well-defined geometric structures, and superior stability, hold great potential in atomic-scale manufacturing. While monodispersed magic clusters exhibit unambiguous characteristics, their response to external stimuli has to be understood. Moreover, strong interaction between clusters and an external field is desirable in order for clusters to assemble or tailor their physicochemical properties instantaneously for device applications. Herein, we explore the effects of an electric field on the absorption and circular dichroism spectra of (CdSe)13 and (CdSe)34 magic clusters. Our first-principles calculations show that the coupling between clusters drastically enhances their electro-optical responses, exhibiting a prominent quantum-confined Stark shift and a reversal of the Cotton effect in circular dichroism spectra. This striking behavior originates from the strong renormalization of both electronic structure and transition dipole moments under the electric field. The field-induced switching of chiroptical signatures and amplified Stark shift endows the group II\u2013VI magic clusters with atomic-precision versatility for optical modulators, chiral spintronics, polarized-light detectors, and quantum information processing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0319986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T15:50:16Z","timestamp":1777909816000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reversal of circular dichroism responses in coupled CdSe magic clusters by electro-chiral control"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"164","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0823-7522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Basic Research Centre of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University 1 , Guangzhou 510006,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University 2 , Guangzhou 510006,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0842-1075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Si","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Basic Research Centre of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University 1 , Guangzhou 510006,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University 2 , Guangzhou 510006,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026050411501297600_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2023.110602","article-title":"Magic size ZnSe nanoclusters: Synthesis and their potential","volume":"152","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem. Commun."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1039\/d0ma00921k","article-title":"Magic-sized CdSe nanoclusters: A review on synthesis, properties and white light potential","volume":"2","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Adv."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15457","DOI":"10.1021\/ja9063102","article-title":"Nucleation kinetics vs chemical kinetics in the initial formation of semiconductor nanocrystals","volume":"131","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15467","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15467","article-title":"Probing intermediates of the induction period prior to nucleation and growth of semiconductor quantum dots","volume":"8","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2107940","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202107940","article-title":"A two-pathway model for the evolution of colloidal compound semiconductor quantum dots and magic-size clusters","volume":"34","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202209615","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202209615","article-title":"Manipulating reaction intermediates to aqueous-phase ZnSe magic-size clusters and quantum dots at room temperature","volume":"61","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2848","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0293406","article-title":"Direct observation of key reaction intermediates on gold clusters","volume":"125","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12911","DOI":"10.1021\/jp961030k","article-title":"Clusters: Structure, energetics, and dynamics of intermediate states of matter","volume":"100","year":"1996","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Phys. Chem."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.8b00365","article-title":"Conversion reactions of atomically precise semiconductor clusters","volume":"51","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1771-5","article-title":"Highly efficient and stable InP\/ZnSe\/ZnS quantum dot light-emitting diodes","volume":"575","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.1c00707","article-title":"Perspectives on advances in quantum dot lasers and integration with Si photonic integrated circuits","volume":"8","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Photonics"},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"085421","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevb.97.085421","article-title":"High-fidelity quantum gates in Si\/SiGe double quantum dots","volume":"97","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15578","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevb.46.15578","article-title":"Theory of the quantum confinement effect on excitons in quantum dots of indirect-gap materials","volume":"46","year":"1992","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8309","DOI":"10.1063\/1.461258","article-title":"Quantum confinement effects in semiconductor clusters","volume":"95","year":"1991","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5913","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevb.52.5913","article-title":"Quantum-confined Stark effects in semiconductor quantum dots","volume":"52","year":"1995","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5346.2114","article-title":"Quantum-confined Stark effect in single CdSe nanocrystallite quantum dots","volume":"278","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"035342","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevb.71.035342","article-title":"Complex scaling approach for the quantum confined Stark effect in quantum wells","volume":"71","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10013","DOI":"10.1021\/nn303719m","article-title":"Single molecule quantum-confined Stark effect measurements of semiconductor nanoparticles at room temperature","volume":"6","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2402262","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202402262","article-title":"Controlling quantum-confined Stark effect in coupled II\u2013VI quantum dots by interface engineering","volume":"9","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"023201","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/ae3fc5","article-title":"Controlled quantum-confined Stark effect in InP magic-size cluster by doping and aggregation","volume":"28","year":"2026","journal-title":"New J. Phys."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1021\/ar0401045","article-title":"Plasmonic nanostructures: Artificial molecules","volume":"40","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235417","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevb.100.235417","article-title":"Electric field tuning of excitonic fine-structure splitting in asymmetric InAs\/InP nanowire quantum dot molecules","volume":"100","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3699","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.9b00772","article-title":"Real space observation of electronic coupling between self-assembled quantum dots","volume":"19","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5401","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13349-1","article-title":"Colloidal quantum dot molecules manifesting quantum coupling at room temperature","volume":"10","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10889","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0437297","article-title":"Coupled and decoupled dual quantum systems in one semiconductor nanocrystal","volume":"127","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2752","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200805158","article-title":"Micelle and vesicle formation of amphiphilic nanoparticles","volume":"48","year":"2009","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13260","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b06991","article-title":"Electron transfer in nanoparticle dyads assembled on a colloidal template","volume":"138","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5379.969","article-title":"Imperfect oriented attachment: Dislocation generation in defect-free nanocrystals","volume":"281","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7140","DOI":"10.1021\/ja050107s","article-title":"Designing PbSe nanowires and nanorings through oriented attachment of nanoparticles","volume":"127","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-023-01606-0","article-title":"Electric-field-induced colour switching in colloidal quantum dot molecules at room temperature","volume":"22","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3809","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b00567","article-title":"Chirality inversion of CdSe and CdS quantum dots without changing the stereochemistry of the capping ligand","volume":"10","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7502","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.4c01687","article-title":"Intrinsic chiroptical activity and excitonic properties of group II\u2013VI magic-size clusters","volume":"15","year":"2024","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1039\/c3cc37987f","article-title":"Achiral CdSe quantum dots exhibit optical activity in the visible region upon post-synthetic ligand exchange with D-or L-cysteine","volume":"49","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1021\/nl504369x","article-title":"Dislocation-induced chirality of semiconductor nanocrystals","volume":"15","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5514","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.7b02203","article-title":"Optical anisotropy of topologically distorted semiconductor nanocrystals","volume":"17","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11985","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c03538","article-title":"Chiral separation of copper sulfide [S\u2013Cu36] nanocluster using a chiral adaptive counterion","volume":"24","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2013.176","article-title":"Circularly polarized light detection by a chiral organic semiconductor transistor","volume":"7","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1038\/s42254-021-00302-9","article-title":"Chiral spintronics","volume":"3","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Phys."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165328","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevb.71.165328","article-title":"Surface passivation method for semiconductor nanostructures","volume":"71","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11467","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c00324","article-title":"Influence of capping ligands, solvent, and thermal effects on CdSe quantum dot optical properties by DFT calculations","volume":"8","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2614(95)00621-A","article-title":"Auxiliary basis sets to approximate Coulomb potentials","volume":"240","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s002140050269","article-title":"RI-MP2: First derivatives and global consistency","volume":"97","year":"1997","journal-title":"Theor. Chem. Acc."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat1056","article-title":"Ultra-stable nanoparticles of CdSe revealed from mass spectrometry","volume":"3","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11307","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c03903","article-title":"The effect of monomer size on fusion and coupling in colloidal quantum dot molecules","volume":"23","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.0c00691","article-title":"Coupled colloidal quantum dot molecules","volume":"54","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153112","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3651322","article-title":"Electrical control of photoluminescence wavelength from semiconductor quantum dots in a ferroelectric polymer matrix","volume":"99","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5375","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.7b01837","article-title":"Terahertz-driven luminescence and colossal Stark effect in CdSe\u2013CdS colloidal quantum dots","volume":"17","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165401","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevb.104.165401","article-title":"Electric field induced tuning of electronic correlation in weakly confining quantum dots","volume":"104","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1021\/ar900233v","article-title":"The spectral signatures of Frenkel polarons in H-and J-aggregates","volume":"43","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevlett.56.2533","article-title":"Giant-oscillator-strength effect on excitonic optical nonlinearities due to localization","volume":"56","year":"1986","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6964","DOI":"10.1063\/1.473676","article-title":"Optical properties of one-dimensional exciton systems: Beyond the Heitler\u2013London approximation","volume":"106","year":"1997","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R16287","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevb.62.r16287","article-title":"Optical transitions in charged CdSe quantum dots","volume":"62","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1103\/revmodphys.9.432","article-title":"Theories of optical rotatory power","volume":"9","year":"1937","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1002\/wcms.55","article-title":"Circular dichroism: Electronic","volume":"2","year":"2012","journal-title":"WIREs Comput. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12240","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b05690","article-title":"Circular dichroism of CdSe nanocrystals bound by chiral carboxylic acids","volume":"11","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.6b12287","article-title":"Protonation-induced sign\u00a0inversion of the Cotton effects of pyridinophanes. A combined experimental and theoretical study","volume":"121","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3249","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.3c03554","article-title":"Optical activity and excitonic characteristics of chiral CdSe quantum dots","volume":"15","year":"2024","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11094","DOI":"10.1021\/nn404832f","article-title":"Ligand induced circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence in CdSe quantum dots","volume":"7","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10342","DOI":"10.1021\/ja902800f","article-title":"Optical activity and chiral memory of thiol-capped CdTe nanocrystals","volume":"131","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026050411501297600_c60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20457","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c06730","article-title":"Extracting pure circular dichroism from hierarchically structured CdS magic cluster films","volume":"16","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Nano"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Chemical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/jcp\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1063\/5.0319986\/20991630\/174306_1_5.0319986.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/jcp\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1063\/5.0319986\/20991630\/174306_1_5.0319986.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T15:50:18Z","timestamp":1777909818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jcp\/article\/164\/17\/174306\/3388634\/Reversal-of-circular-dichroism-responses-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/5.0319986","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9606","1089-7690"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9606","type":"print"},{"value":"1089-7690","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"article-number":"174306"}}