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The system replaces subjective manual analysis with a robust algorithm that separates correlated after-pulses from uncorrelated noise in inter-arrival time histograms. Using this instrument, we systematically map PAP as a function of dead time (1\u201380 \u03bcs) and detection efficiency (2.5%\u201325%) for commercial InGaAs\/InP SPADs in free-running and gated modes. For the ID210 detector at 10% efficiency, PAP decreases from 12.8% to 3.2% as dead time increases from 1 to 20 \u03bcs. Gated operation further reduces PAP to 0.8%, a fourfold improvement. The instrument achieves measurement repeatability better than 1% and reduces analysis time from hours to minutes. This tool enables data-driven optimization of SPADs for quantum communications, LiDAR, and time-resolved spectroscopy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0320817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T12:58:03Z","timestamp":1781096283000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Experimental characterization of after-pulsing probability in InGaAs\/InP-based single-photon avalanche photodiodes"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9377-6059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdallah","family":"Karmalawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science 1 , Daejeon 34113,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"QRAD Inc. 2 , Daejeon 34113,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Photometry and Radiometry Division, National Institute of Standards (NIS) 3 , 136, Giza,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5065-5553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sun Do","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science 1 , Daejeon 34113,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3317-1415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong-Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science 1 , Daejeon 34113,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"QRAD Inc. 2 , Daejeon 34113,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5739-2306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quantum Technology Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science 4 , Daejeon 34113,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osung","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute 5 , Daejeon 34129,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4565-7295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bae","family":"In-Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science 1 , Daejeon 34113,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"KRISS School of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology 6 , Daejeon,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061008575647700_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevlett.49.1804","article-title":"Experimental test of Bell\u2019s inequalities using time-varying analyzers","volume":"49","year":"1982","journal-title":"Phys. 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