{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:06:56Z","timestamp":1784552816384,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"7","funder":[{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&D Program of Zhejiang Province, China","award":["2025C01041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025C01041"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&D Program of Zhejiang Province, China","award":["2025C2027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025C2027"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024YFA1611103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFA1611103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LD25A040001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LD25A040001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12374128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12374128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurate characterization of the three-dimensional (3D) spatial radiation characteristics of microwave fields, especially the out-of-plane intensity distribution, remains a critical challenge in advanced microwave technology and diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center-based quantum sensing. In this work, a high-precision three-dimensional microwave magnetic field measurement system based on a fiber-integrated NV center scanning probe is developed. The system enables high-spatial-resolution characterization of electromagnetic fields on the surface of miniaturized microwave antennas. The core of the system is a mechanically polished tapered optical fiber with a 26.5\u00b0 taper angle, integrated with a diamond nanopillar containing ensemble NV centers at the fiber tip. This tapered structure conforms more closely to the diamond nanopillars, thereby enabling high-sensitivity electromagnetic imaging on the chip surface. We perform microwave magnetic field measurements on a standard \u03a9-ring radiating structure: in-plane measurements at 100 and 500\u00a0\u03bcm from the ring edge verify excellent field uniformity in the central region of the \u03a9-ring radiating structure, while out-of-plane characterization from 0 to 500\u00a0\u03bcm above the ring center identifies an effective radiation distance of 500\u00a0\u03bcm for the structure. This system realizes non-destructive, high-precision on-chip electromagnetic field characterization and can be extended to diverse quantum magnetometry applications requiring 3D measurement capability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0329258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:54:22Z","timestamp":1784552062000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High-precision three-dimension microwave magnetic field measurements using fiber-integrated diamond nitrogen-vacancy center scanning probe"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1875-5848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yikai","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Metrology Measurement and Instrument, China Jiliang University 1 , Hangzhou 310018,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzhao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China 2 , Hefei 230026,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Metrology Measurement and Instrument, China Jiliang University 1 , Hangzhou 310018,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1181-8532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hangyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Metrology Measurement and Instrument, China Jiliang University 1 , Hangzhou 310018,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junzhu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Metrology Measurement and Instrument, China Jiliang University 1 , Hangzhou 310018,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0679-2809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiajun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Metrology Measurement and Instrument, China Jiliang University 1 , Hangzhou 310018,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1737-3052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Metrology Measurement and Instrument, China Jiliang University 1 , Hangzhou 310018,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9754-0944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Metrology Measurement and Instrument, China Jiliang University 1 , Hangzhou 310018,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6232-7234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ya","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China 2 , Hefei 230026,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China 3 , Hefei 230026,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9710-7741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Metrology Measurement and Instrument, China Jiliang University 1 , Hangzhou 310018,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2026072008541905000_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys1969","volume":"7","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. 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