{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:06:48Z","timestamp":1790168808299,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The study of material damage evolution under combined cryogenic temperature and mechanical stress is crucial for aerospace and cryogenic applications but hindered by a lack of suitable in situ characterization tools. This work presents the development and validation of a novel in situ tensile loading device compatible with synchrotron radiation x-ray computed tomography for operation down to 53\u00a0K. The device employs an innovative \u201cthree-layer chamber\u201d design based on functional decoupling and sealed negative-pressure insulation principles, utilizes polyetherimide for its cryogenic and x-ray transparent properties, and integrates a dual-circuit (liquid nitrogen\/liquid helium) temperature control system. It achieves a 5\u00a0kN tensile load capacity, rapid cooling (room temperature to 53\u00a0K in &amp;lt;9\u00a0min), and stable temperature maintenance (\u00b11\u00a0K). Its compact, rotationally symmetric design ensures compatibility with synchrotron beamline constraints. Performance was verified through mechanical calibration, thermal simulation, and integrated testing. An application demonstrates the device\u2019s functionality by capturing the 3D damage evolution within a 2219 aluminum alloy weld during in situ tensile testing at 53\u00a0K. This apparatus effectively bridges a critical technological gap, providing a robust platform for future 4D (3D + time) investigations of material behavior under cryogenic conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0337345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:42:00Z","timestamp":1790167320000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a cryogenic\n                    <i>in situ<\/i>\n                    mechanical loading device for synchrotron radiation x-ray computed tomography (SR-CT)"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9820-2871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Long","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Reliability and Environmental Engineering Technology, Beijing Institute of Structure and Environment Engineering 1 , Beijing 100076,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System, Southwest Jiaotong University 2 , Chengdu 610031,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruisi","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Reliability and Environmental Engineering Technology, Beijing Institute of Structure and Environment Engineering 1 , Beijing 100076,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0095-6787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junbai","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Reliability and Environmental Engineering Technology, Beijing Institute of Structure and Environment Engineering 1 , Beijing 100076,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System, Southwest Jiaotong University 2 , Chengdu 610031,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuantao","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Reliability and Environmental Engineering Technology, Beijing Institute of Structure and Environment Engineering 1 , Beijing 100076,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7437-2021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengchuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System, Southwest Jiaotong University 2 , Chengdu 610031,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092308415580600_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2025.03.453","article-title":"Liquid hydrogen storage and insulation materials for liquid hydrogen storage tanks: Trends and challenges","volume":"140","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092308415580600_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1109\/TASC.2010.2041438","article-title":"Design and structural analysis of two kinds of liquid nitrogen vessel for high temperature superconductor maglev vehicle","volume":"20","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092308415580600_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-022-00496-z","article-title":"Materials for extreme environments","volume":"8","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092308415580600_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"012027","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/194\/1\/012027","article-title":"Microstructure, accumulated strain, and mechanical behavior of AA6061 Al alloy severely deformed at cryogenic temperatures","volume":"194","year":"2017","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"2026092308415580600_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2023.145920","article-title":"Mechanical properties and microscopic mechanisms of 2219-T6 aluminum alloy under dynamic tension with cryogenic temperatures","volume":"891","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng.: A"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026092308415580600_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1007\/s12613-016-1311-3","article-title":"Mechanical properties and constitutive behaviors of as-cast 7050 aluminum alloy from room temperature to above the solidus temperature","volume":"23","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Miner., Metall. Mater."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026092308415580600_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00713814","article-title":"High-strength steel for cryogenic temperatures","volume":"13","year":"1971","journal-title":"Met. Sci. Heat Treat."},{"key":"2026092308415580600_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2023.01.023","article-title":"Excellent strength-ductility combination of Cr26Mn20Fe20Co20Ni14 high-entropy alloy at cryogenic temperatures","volume":"154","year":"2023","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Mater. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026092308415580600_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2023.145768","article-title":"Cryogenic impact fracture behavior of a high-Mn austenitic steel using electron backscatter diffraction and neutron Bragg-edge transmission imaging","volume":"887","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng.: A"},{"key":"2026092308415580600_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2024.147374","article-title":"Enhanced cryogenic mechanical properties of heterostructured CrCoNi multicomponent alloy: Insights from in-situ neutron diffraction","volume":"916","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng.: A"},{"key":"2026092308415580600_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2025.149326","article-title":"Superior cryogenic mechanical properties of Fe-rich medium-entropy alloy with hierarchical heterostructure and phase transformation","volume":"948","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng.: A"},{"key":"2026092308415580600_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijplas.2024.104014","article-title":"Tri-functional co-nanoprecipitates enhanced cryogenic ductility by inducing structural heterogeneity and refining nano-twins in a low-stacking-fault-energy 17Mn steel","volume":"178","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Plast."},{"key":"2026092308415580600_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2023.07.041","article-title":"Time lapse in situ X-ray imaging of failure in structural materials under cyclic loads and extreme environments","volume":"175","year":"2024","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Mater. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026092308415580600_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2025.111036","article-title":"Time-resolved 3D CT with failure physics (5D CT) for quantifying internal defect evolution behaviors of criticality safety AM components","volume":"319","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eng. Fract. Mech."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092308415580600_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1557\/s43577-025-00859-1","article-title":"Four-dimensional materials science: Time-resolved x-ray microcomputed tomography","volume":"50","year":"2025","journal-title":"MRS Bull."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026092308415580600_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"093707","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0220215","article-title":"Particle displacement analysis in 3D CT images of polymer composites under-compressive load","volume":"95","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"2026092308415580600_c17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.2010.03471.x","article-title":"Cryogenic EBSD on ice: Preserving a stable surface in a low pressure SEM","volume":"242","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Microsc."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092308415580600_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4798","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41071-x","article-title":"Laue three dimensional neutron diffraction","volume":"9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026092308415580600_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107102","DOI":"10.1088\/0256-307X\/41\/10\/107102","article-title":"Cryogenic digital image correlation as a probe of strain in iron-based superconductors","volume":"41","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2026092308415580600_c20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryogenics.2026.104351","article-title":"Physics-consistent data-driven acoustic emission indices for damage grading in cryogenic CFRP laminates","volume":"158","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cryogenics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092308415580600_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3497","article-title":"Real-time quantitative imaging of failure events in materials under load at temperatures above 1,600 \u00b0C","volume":"12","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"2026092308415580600_c22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1177\/00219983251388194","article-title":"3D visualization and quantitative characterizations of damage evolution in C\/SiC composites: Synchrotron X-ray CT and in-situ loading at 800 \u00b0C","volume":"60","year":"2026","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Compos. Mater."},{"key":"2026092308415580600_c23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2026.120592","article-title":"3D in-situ imaging and quantitative characterization of damage evolution in CMCs under mechanical load at temperatures up to 2000 \u00b0C","volume":"267","year":"2026","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092308415580600_c24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/str.12193","article-title":"Damage investigation in A319 aluminium alloy by X-ray tomography and digital volume correlation during in situ high-temperature fatigue tests","volume":"52","year":"2016","journal-title":"Strain"},{"issue":"14","key":"2026092308415580600_c25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2009.05.005","article-title":"Crack closure and stress intensity factor measurements in nodular graphite cast iron using three-dimensional correlation of laboratory X-ray microtomography images","volume":"57","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"2026092308415580600_c26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfatigue.2022.107476","article-title":"Characterisation of 3D strain heterogeneity at the microstructure scale during low cycle fatigue of an AlSi7Cu3Mg alloy at 250 \u00b0C","volume":"172","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Fatigue"},{"key":"2026092308415580600_c27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2016.10.028","article-title":"3D characterization and modeling of low cycle fatigue damage mechanisms at high temperature in a cast aluminum alloy","volume":"123","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"2026092308415580600_c28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scriptamat.2015.11.017","article-title":"In situ 3D characterization of high temperature fatigue damage mechanisms in a cast aluminum alloy using synchrotron X-ray tomography","volume":"113","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scr. Mater."},{"key":"2026092308415580600_c29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.corsci.2026.113634","article-title":"4D evolution of corrosion fatigue crack initiation and growth behavior in high-strength Al alloy by in situ synchrotron X-ray tomography","volume":"262","year":"2026","journal-title":"Corros. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026092308415580600_c30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105122","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0230527","article-title":"A multi-modal high pressure and high temperature reaction cell for combined x-ray spectroscopy, scattering, and imaging","volume":"95","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092308415580600_c31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s11340-010-9333-7","article-title":"In situ experiments with X ray tomography: An attractive tool for experimental mechanics","volume":"50","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Mech."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092308415580600_c32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst10060459","article-title":"A practical review of the laser-heated diamond anvil cell for university laboratories and synchrotron applications","volume":"10","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crystals"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092308415580600_c33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2019.01.006","article-title":"Applications for nanoscale X-ray imaging at high pressure","volume":"5","year":"2019","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"2026092308415580600_c34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmecsci.2024.109221","article-title":"Void nucleation and growth behavior of TIG welded AA2219 deformed at cryogenic temperatures","volume":"274","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mech. Sci."},{"key":"2026092308415580600_c35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coco.2022.101326","article-title":"Damage evolution characterization of glass fabric composites at cryogenic temperatures via in-situ tensile X-ray computed tomography tests","volume":"35","year":"2022","journal-title":"Compos. Commun."},{"key":"2026092308415580600_c36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmecsci.2023.108193","article-title":"Global damage behavior and formability prediction of AA2219 FSW blanks at cryogenic temperature","volume":"249","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mech. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026092308415580600_c37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"085003","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6668\/ab953e","article-title":"Development of cryogenic tensile testing apparatus for lattice strain measurement using synchrotron radiation for REBCO composite conductors","volume":"33","year":"2020","journal-title":"Supercond. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092308415580600_c38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s12567-019-0239-7","article-title":"Innovative setup for cryogenic mechanical testing of high-strength metallic alloys","volume":"11","year":"2019","journal-title":"CEAS Space J."},{"key":"2026092308415580600_c39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2015.03.076","article-title":"Cryogenic through-thickness tensile characterization of plain woven glass\/epoxy composite laminates using cross specimens: Experimental test and finite element analysis","volume":"78","year":"2015","journal-title":"Composites, Part B"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026092308415580600_c40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s41365-023-01349-2","article-title":"The new X-ray imaging and biomedical application beamline BL13HB at SSRF","volume":"34","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucl. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026092308415580600_c41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2023.145451","article-title":"In situ X-ray tomography study on internal damage evolution of solid propellant for carrier rockets","volume":"882","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng.: A"},{"key":"2026092308415580600_c42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchar.2023.113311","article-title":"X-ray tomography of failure behaviors of arc welded AA2219 joints under tensile and cyclic loading","volume":"205","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Charact."}],"container-title":["Review of Scientific Instruments"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/rsi\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1063\/5.0337345\/21149012\/093703_1_5.0337345.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/rsi\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1063\/5.0337345\/21149012\/093703_1_5.0337345.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:42:01Z","timestamp":1790167321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/rsi\/article\/97\/9\/093703\/3405097\/Development-of-a-cryogenic-in-situ-mechanical"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/5.0337345","relation":{},"ISSN":["0034-6748","1089-7623"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0034-6748","type":"print"},{"value":"1089-7623","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"article-number":"093703"}}