{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:19:16Z","timestamp":1787836756235,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"8","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFA1606203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFA1606203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12575197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12575197"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004921","name":"Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research\u2014Shanghai Jiao Tong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21TQ1400218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21TQ1400218"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing deployment of cryogenic noble-liquid detectors in high-energy physics experiments has created a growing demand for reliable qualification methods for electronic components operating at temperatures beyond their specified ranges. However, the operating temperature range specified for commercial off-the-shelf electronic components typically does not extend to cryogenic temperatures, leaving their low-temperature characteristics insufficiently characterized and introducing uncertainties in detector electronics design. This study presents a versatile cryogenic characterization platform that enables systematic qualification of commercial electronic components under detector-relevant operating conditions. The platform provides a stable temperature environment centered at 165\u00a0K, corresponding to liquid xenon detector operation, while maintaining the relative humidity below 15% to minimize condensation-related failures. Furthermore, an FPGA-based digital electronics subsystem was developed to support device evaluation, with its key functional modules individually qualified to ensure reliable operation at 165\u00a0K before system-level integration. The platform was used to evaluate the performance of an ADI ADS52J65 analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and to characterize the cryogenic behavior of a Hamamatsu S13370 silicon photomultiplier (SiPM). Both devices operated reliably at 165\u00a0K. The ADC achieved a signal-to-noise ratio of \u223c64 dB with a near-full-scale 1.1\u00a0MHz sinusoidal input, while the dark count rate of the SiPM was reduced to below 1\u00a0Hz. This study demonstrates a practical platform for the cryogenic characterization of front-end electronic devices intended for liquid xenon detectors. By combining a controlled cryogenic environment with a qualified digital electronics subsystem, the platform provides a reusable experimental infrastructure for evaluating commercial electronic components under cryogenic operating conditions and offers a practical solution for reducing uncertainties in the development of front-end electronics for liquid xenon detectors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0337354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T12:38:36Z","timestamp":1787834316000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A cryogenic characterization platform for commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) electronic devices in liquid xenon detectors for high-energy physics experiments"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6825-0718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Dark Matter Physics, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5299-315X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiannan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Dark Matter Physics, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Dark Matter Physics, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Dark Matter Physics, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6691-4863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weihao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Dark Matter Physics, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2026082708383454800_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1140\/epjc\/s10052-024-12982-5","article-title":"The XENONnT dark matter experiment","volume":"84","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. C"},{"key":"2026082708383454800_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2019.163047","article-title":"The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment","volume":"953","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026082708383454800_c3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221011","DOI":"10.1007\/s11433-024-2539-y","article-title":"PandaX-xT\u2014A deep underground multi-ten-tonne liquid xenon observatory","volume":"68","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026082708383454800_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"T08004","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-0221\/19\/08\/T08004","article-title":"The DUNE far detector vertical drift technology technical design report","volume":"19","author":"Dune Collaboration","year":"2024","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Instrum."},{"issue":"03","key":"2026082708383454800_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C03058","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-0221\/19\/03\/c03058","article-title":"The DarkSide-20k experiment","volume":"19","year":"2024","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Instrum."},{"key":"2026082708383454800_c6","first-page":"1658","article-title":"Front-end ASIC for a liquid argon TPC","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026082708383454800_c7","unstructured":"B.\n            Yan\n          , D.Huang, J.Liu, X.Lu, A.Wan, and M.Xiao, \u201cCharacterization of Hamamatsu R11410-23 photomultiplier tubes and performance in the PandaX-4T detector,\u201d arXiv:2505.24220 (2025)."},{"key":"2026082708383454800_c8","unstructured":"N.\n            Poonthottathil\n          , F.Krennrich, J.Eisch, A.Weinstein, L. J.Bond, D.Barnard, Z.Zhang, and L.Koester, \u201cReliability studies of electronic components for the operation at cryogenic temperature,\u201d arXiv:1911.10285 (2019)."},{"issue":"03","key":"2026082708383454800_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C03024","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-0221\/18\/03\/c03024","article-title":"A large facility for photosensors test at cryogenic temperature","volume":"18","year":"2023","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Instrum."},{"key":"2026082708383454800_c10","unstructured":"Z.\n            Li\n          , M.Yu, E.Angelico, A.Atencio, A.Gupta, P.Knauss, A.Pena-Perez, B. G.Lenardo, P.Acharya, A.Amy, \u201cCharacterization of CRYO ASIC for charge readout in the nEXO experiment,\u201d arXiv:2512.11116 (2025)."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026082708383454800_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"T04002","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-0221\/11\/04\/t04002","article-title":"The electronics and data acquisition system for the PandaX-I dark matter experiment","volume":"11","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Instrum."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026082708383454800_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C06010","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-0221\/20\/06\/c06010","article-title":"Cryogenic SiPMs for the optical readout of DarkSide-20k","volume":"20","year":"2025","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Instrum."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026082708383454800_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1140\/epjc\/s10052-022-11072-8","article-title":"Performance of novel VUV-sensitive silicon photo-multipliers for nEXO","volume":"82","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. C"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026082708383454800_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"T11003","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-0221\/17\/11\/t11003","article-title":"Study on SiPM performance at low temperatures between \u221260\u2009\u00b0C and \u221220\u2009\u00b0C","volume":"17","year":"2022","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Instrum."},{"key":"2026082708383454800_c15","first-page":"1","article-title":"ColdADC: A 16-channel digitizer ASIC with 186 \u03bcV-rms noise and 10.5-bit ENOB at 77\u00a0K for the deep underground neutrino experiment","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Review of Scientific Instruments"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/rsi\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1063\/5.0337354\/21120413\/084707_1_5.0337354.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/rsi\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1063\/5.0337354\/21120413\/084707_1_5.0337354.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T12:38:38Z","timestamp":1787834318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/rsi\/article\/97\/8\/084707\/3403201\/A-cryogenic-characterization-platform-for"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/5.0337354","relation":{},"ISSN":["0034-6748","1089-7623"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0034-6748","type":"print"},{"value":"1089-7623","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"article-number":"084707"}}