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Patients are indeed at risk of developing arrhythmias due to BiV-CRT pacing, a known potential complication that requires preventive evaluation. We consider three non-ischemic fibrotic patients. Patient-specific left ventricle geometries and fibrosis are extracted from Cine-MRI and LGE-MRI. The electrophysiology model, based on the monodomain equation and the Ten Tusscher\u2013Panfilov (TTP06) ionic model, is personalized using pre-operative Electro-Anatomical Mapping System data. The TTP06 parameters are adapted to reflect the altered electrical properties of the fibrotic tissue. To test inducibility, we use an S1\u2013S2 stimulation protocol: S1 simulates the clinical BiV-CRT pacing with a patient-specific VV-delay, followed by an S2 ectopic impulse. This procedure is repeated for 10 ectopic sites. The arrhythmogenic risk is quantified by the number of ectopic sites that generate a reentry loop. The model's prediction of VT risk in our simulations matches the clinical outcome for all three patients, recognizing the two with spontaneous VT episodes and the one non-arrhythmic patient. Arrhythmic patients show a higher number of ectopic sites from which a reentry loop is generated compared to the non-arrhythmic patient. This study provides a preliminary attempt toward the use of computational tools to assess the vulnerability of the arrhythmic substrate during BiV-CRT pacing in non-ischemic patients. In the future, such tools could serve as a noninvasive diagnostic metric to inform clinicians about possible therapies to be associated with BiV-CRT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0337754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T12:53:32Z","timestamp":1784033612000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prediction of arrhythmogenesis in non-ischemic cardiac resynchronization therapy patients"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6240-0601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Corda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LaBS, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica \u201cGiulio Natta\u201d, Politecnico di Milano 1 , Milano,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2576-1653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Maines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, S.M. del Carmine Hospital 2 , APSS Corso Verona, 4, Rovereto 38068, Trento,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6662-3433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Pagani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOX, Dipartimento di Matematica, Politecnico di Milano 3 , Milano,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Catanzariti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, S.M. del Carmine Hospital 2 , APSS Corso Verona, 4, Rovereto 38068, Trento,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2728-7844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Del Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, S.M. del Carmine Hospital 2 , APSS Corso Verona, 4, Rovereto 38068, Trento,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9872-5410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Vergara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LaBS, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica \u201cGiulio Natta\u201d, Politecnico di Milano 1 , Milano,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071408532627000_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.300270","article-title":"Electromechanical dyssynchrony and resynchronization of the failing heart","volume":"113","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ. 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