{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:18:34Z","timestamp":1787746714133,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21H04969"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21H04969"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP20K21383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20K21383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23H04404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23H04404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP25K22248"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP25K22248"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003382","name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJCR22N2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJCR22N2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003382","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009023","name":"Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJPR19G4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJPR19G4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009023","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MEXT Promotion of Development of a Joint Usage\/ Research System Project: Coalition of Universities for Research Excellence Program","award":["JPMXP1323015482"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMXP1323015482"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>TAT rhodopsin is a member of the microbial rhodopsin family, a large group of seven-transmembrane photoreceptive proteins that bind an all-trans-retinal chromophore. While the Schiff-base linkage between the retinal and the protein moiety is protonated in most microbial rhodopsins, it is partially deprotonated in TAT rhodopsin, leading to the co-existence of a visible-absorbing protonated state and a UV-absorbing deprotonated state under physiological conditions. Here, we investigated the photoreaction dynamics of TAT rhodopsin in both the visible-absorbing protonated and UV-absorbing deprotonated states. Photoexcitation of the visible-absorbing protonated state led to relaxation from the first-excited state (S1), accompanied by all-trans-to-13-cis retinal isomerization. However, its quantum efficiency is significantly lower than that of typical microbial rhodopsins. In contrast, excitation of the UV-absorbing deprotonated state generated an excited state, with an absorption spectrum markedly different from that of the S1 state of the protonated form. This state was assigned to a higher excited state and relaxed to the optically forbidden S1 state within 100\u00a0fs. The S1 state subsequently produced long-lived ground-state photointermediates, recovering the initial state over a timescale ranging from seconds to tens of seconds. Upon 355 and 400\u00a0nm excitation, the relaxation dynamics of the deprotonated form differed, indicating the presence of multiple species in the ground state, as further supported by fluorescence spectroscopy. These findings suggest that the photoreaction mechanism of TAT rhodopsin is distinct from, and more complicated than, that of other microbial rhodopsins and that its unique photoreaction dynamics would be essential for its function as a UV sensor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0342277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T11:22:32Z","timestamp":1787743352000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Excitation-wavelength- and protonation-dependent multiple photoreaction pathways in TAT rhodopsin from femtoseconds to seconds"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"165","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8517-5509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Korenobu","family":"Matsuzaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN 1 , Wako,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), RIKEN 2 , Wako,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7750-220X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Fu","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 3 , Hsinchu,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0605-1816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masae","family":"Konno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo 4 , Kashiwa,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo 5 , Kashiwa,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teppei","family":"Sugimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology 6 , Nagoya,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8763-0104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Garima","family":"Bhutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN 1 , Wako,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan-Hendrik","family":"Borter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN 1 , Wako,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), RIKEN 2 , Wako,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3106-0797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsukasa","family":"Takanashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN 1 , Wako,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8498-4374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kota","family":"Katayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology 6 , Nagoya,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology 7 , Nagoya,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4922-1344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideki","family":"Kandori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology 6 , Nagoya,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology 7 , Nagoya,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6340-8535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tahei","family":"Tahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN 1 , Wako,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), RIKEN 2 , Wako,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6898-4347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keiichi","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo 4 , Kashiwa,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo 5 , Kashiwa,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082607222654900_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1021\/cr4003769","volume":"114","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. 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