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For low-temperature operation, existing scanning NV microscopes have been implemented in different cryogenic systems, including liquid-helium cryostats and closed-cycle refrigerators. However, ultrahigh-vacuum compatibility and in situ sample\/probe exchange remain largely unavailable in these systems, hindering measurements on pristine and surface-sensitive quantum materials. Here, we report a cryogen-free ultrahigh-vacuum scanning nitrogen-vacancy microscope equipped with an in-vacuum three-axis vector superconducting magnet, reaching a base pressure of 2 \u00d7 10\u221210 Torr and sample temperatures down to 2\u00a0K. The system enables in situ exchange and separate temperature control of both the sample and the probe. A pillar-array diamond probe architecture is implemented to provide flexible selection of NV centers with different crystallographic orientations, allowing access to complementary magnetic-field projections of a single spin texture. System performance is verified through thermal characterization, single-NV characterization, NV\u2013sample distance calibration, and magnetic imaging demonstrations, which include imaging the same skyrmion bubble with two nitrogen-vacancy centers of different orientations in CoFeB and resolving individual superconducting vortices in bulk NbSe2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0345285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T12:47:11Z","timestamp":1790945231000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of an ultrahigh-vacuum-compatible cryogen-free scanning nitrogen-vacancy magnetometer"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2375-7469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sihai","family":"Jiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, and Department of Physics, Fudan University 1 , Shanghai 200438,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4887-2961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunzheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, and Department of Physics, Fudan University 1 , Shanghai 200438,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoran","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, and Department of Physics, Fudan University 1 , Shanghai 200438,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, and Department of Physics, Fudan University 1 , Shanghai 200438,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maosen","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIQTEK Co., Ltd. 2 , Hefei 230088,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8495-3835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changjiang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIQTEK Co., Ltd. 2 , Hefei 230088,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunlei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, and Department of Physics, Fudan University 1 , Shanghai 200438,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences 3 , Shanghai 201315,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University 4 , Shanghai 201210,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures 5 , Nanjing 210093,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Hefei National Laboratory 6 , Hefei 230088,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026100208470764800_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-conmatphys-031620-104226","volume":"13","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu. 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