{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T10:59:06Z","timestamp":1790852346957,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["404\/26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["404\/26"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101200719"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101200719"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001658","name":"Minerva Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001658","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016267","name":"Perlman Family Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016267","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, a three-spin rotating-frame nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analog of the cross effect, whereby polarization was transferred between two 13Cs and an 15N in a single crystal, was reported. This effect is closely related to the mixed rotational and rotary resonance (MIRROR) experiment, where spin-locked magnetization (e.g., from a 13C) could introduce an \u201canti-longitudinal\u201d magnetization state in neighboring 1Hs, suitable for examining spin-diffusion under magic angle spinning (MAS). The present work revisits these experiments, as applied to the proton-driven enhancement of rare spins in liquids and in solids under MAS NMR. Average Hamiltonian Theory (AHT) is used to derive the conditions needed for implementing such three-spin transfer in liquids and solids, matching, for the latter case, the conditions derived by MIRROR studies based on triple-mode Floquet theory. AHT was also found in good quantitative agreement with numerical simulations and experiments, which predict that under optimal transfer conditions whereby an I-spin RF irradiation field matches the S1\u2013S2 chemical-shift-difference, a maximum polarization enhancement of \u03b3S\/\u03b3I is achieved. Ca. half of this was effectively obtained for I = 13C in powdered solids, and ca. a quarter in multi-spin solution systems. Such processes are of a reciprocal nature, meaning that the transverse spin-locked polarization of a rare spin can also become \u201canti-longitudinal\u201d \u00b1(S1z\u2013 S2z) magnetization of abundant spins. The roles played by many-body interactions, RF inhomogeneities, fast sample spinning, and interference from other coherences during the execution of these cross-polarization experiments were investigated, and are exemplified with experiments and simulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0347529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T10:40:40Z","timestamp":1790851240000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Heteronuclear polarization transfers between spin-locked and anti-longitudinal spin states in the NMR of liquids and spinning solids"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"165","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3957-1022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sundaresan","family":"Jayanthi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3225-3557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adonis","family":"Lupulescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0976-0538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Grinshtein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8208-3521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucio","family":"Frydman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2026100106403046700_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1103\/physrev.92.411","article-title":"Polarization of nuclei in metals","volume":"92","year":"1953","journal-title":"Phys. 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