{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:06:38Z","timestamp":1788872798547,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cryogenic hydrogen isotope fuel layers with high structural integrity and atomic-scale smoothness are prerequisites for symmetric implosion and ignition in inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Using deuterium (D2) as model fuel, we perform large-scale molecular dynamics simulations with a Feynman\u2013Hibbs corrected Silvera\u2013Goldman potential to describe nuclear quantum effects at low temperatures, systematically investigating D2 crystallization inside spherical ablator capsules. By varying substrate lattice constant from 3.1 to 3.9\u00a0\u00c5, we demonstrate that lattice matching dictates the transition from coherent epitaxial growth to polycrystalline formation, establishing it as the primary design principle for high-performance targets. When the substrate lattice closely matches the equilibrium hexagonal-close-packed (HCP) spacing of cryogenic D2 (\u223c3.5\u00a0\u00c5), D2 forms coherent layer-by-layer epitaxial growth consistent with Ostwald\u2019s stepwise nucleation theory, yielding HCP-dominated near-single crystals with minimal dislocations and ultra-smooth inner surfaces. In contrast, a large lattice mismatch destabilizes coherent growth and causes island-like growth, producing polycrystalline structures with mixed HCP\/FCC phases, elevated defects, and greatly increased surface roughness. Radial stress analysis shows that interfacial stress from mismatch localizes within 2\u20133 molecular layers near the interface, triggering subsequent defect-mediated growth. These findings highlight substrate lattice matching in regulating confined solid growth and crystallization quality, establish it as a key principle for ablator inner-surface engineering in ICF cryogenic targets, and offer atomic guidance for growing high-quality single-crystal deuterium-tritium fuel layers with optimal smoothness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0349075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:07:53Z","timestamp":1788869273000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lattice matching dictates the growth mode and quality of deuterium crystallization in confined spherical shells"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"165","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1430-5054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Bi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Physics, Southwest University of Science and Technology 1 , Mianyang 621010,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5968-9752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Shen","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 2 , Beijing 100190,","place":["China"]},{"name":"College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 3 , Beijing 100049,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Physics, Southwest University of Science and Technology 1 , Mianyang 621010,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8728-0863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Physics, Southwest University of Science and Technology 1 , Mianyang 621010,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology 4 , Mianyang 621010,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5249-6576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi-Feng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Physics, Southwest University of Science and Technology 1 , Mianyang 621010,","place":["China"]},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics 5 , Mianyang 621900,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090808074904900_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1578638","article-title":"The physics basis for ignition using indirect-drive targets on the national ignition facility","volume":"11","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys. 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