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WEST implements full-frequency GW, quantum defect embedding theory, the Bethe\u2013Salpeter equation, and time-dependent density functional theory within a common algorithmic framework that avoids the explicit computation of virtual electronic states. By combining density functional and density matrix perturbation theory, low-rank representations of the dielectric screening and exact exchange, and localization techniques, WEST achieves favorable computational scaling with system size. The code supports the calculation of quasi-particle and neutral excitation energies, optical and photoluminescence spectra, excited-state forces, and non-adiabatic couplings, with interoperable workflows connecting to quantum chemistry, vibronic coupling, and quantum computing packages. A hierarchical parallelization strategy and graphics processing unit (GPU) acceleration deliver near-ideal strong scaling to thousands of GPUs, enabling accurate excited-state simulations of systems with more than a thousand atoms. Representative applications, spanning the full optical cycle of solid-state spin defects, self-trapped excitons in metal-halide perovskites, and the optical response of liquid water and ice, demonstrate the accuracy and versatility of the code across diverse material classes. The capabilities implemented in WEST establish the code as a scalable platform for predictive excited-state simulations, high-throughput materials discovery, and the generation of high-fidelity datasets for machine learning in computational materials science.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0349651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T10:53:07Z","timestamp":1791456787000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The WEST code for large-scale excited-state materials simulations"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"165","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6568-1244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor Wen-zhe","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory 1 , Lemont, Illinois 60439,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7376-9644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago 2 , Chicago, Illinois 60637,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6073-9953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago 2 , Chicago, Illinois 60637,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Initiative for Computational Catalysis, Flatiron Institute 3 , New York, New York 10010,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8396-2904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vrindaa","family":"Somjit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory 1 , Lemont, Illinois 60439,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7257-882X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano Paolo","family":"Villani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago 2 , Chicago, Illinois 60637,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5143-5467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiawei","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago 2 , Chicago, Illinois 60637,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6303-2403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Govoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Computer Science, and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia 4 , Modena 41125,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8001-5290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory 1 , Lemont, Illinois 60439,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago 2 , Chicago, Illinois 60637,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago 5 , Chicago, Illinois 60637,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100806530289200_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"B864","DOI":"10.1103\/physrev.136.b864","volume":"136","year":"1964","journal-title":"Phys. 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