{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:53:19Z","timestamp":1792079599580,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"10","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006227","name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-AC52-07NA27344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AC52-07NA27344"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006227","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008902","name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["89233218CNA000001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["89233218CNA000001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008902","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>X-ray radiography at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) must simultaneously achieve micron-scale spatial resolution and adequate signal-to-noise ratio with a limited number of 7.2-keV photons. To address this coupled resolution-throughput challenge, we developed a scintillator-based x-ray imager using a tandem microscope architecture. A curved Bragg-crystal x-ray microscope forms a magnified 7.2-keV image on a transparent thallium-doped cesium iodide [CsI(Tl)] scintillator, and a visible-light microscope relays the scintillation image to an oversampled complementary metal\u2013oxide\u2013semiconductor (CMOS) detector. This separation of x-ray image formation and optical readout enables high-resolution, quasi-monochromatic x-ray imaging while suppressing lateral light diffusion in the scintillator. We present a component-level model for optimizing detective quantum efficiency (DQE) that includes x-ray absorption, scintillation conversion, optical collection, sensor quantum efficiency, event-yield variance, and CMOS readout noise. Using measured component throughputs, the model conservatively predicts a zero-spatial-frequency DQE DQE0 of \u223c32% for a 7.2-keV photon fluence of 2.45\u00d7108photonscm\u22122 incident on the scintillator plane, while integrated measurements demonstrate an object-plane resolution of \u223c5\u00a0\u03bcm. These results provide a quantitative design path for photon-starved, high-resolution x-ray radiography at NIF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0349917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:39:18Z","timestamp":1792078758000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detective quantum efficiency (DQE)-oriented design of a transparent scintillator tandem x-ray\/optical microscope for photon-starved 7.2-keV radiography at the National Ignition Facility (NIF)"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1114-597X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Izumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 1 , 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6470-6275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Prince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 1 , 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6025-2011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Huckins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 1 , 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2528-4473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Tabimina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 1 , 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Beach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 1 , 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1833-4001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Holder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 1 , 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9570-696X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. 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