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The analytical treatment of this mapping enables the identification of all interaction parameters within the Ising-like model and establishes their direct physical relationship with the original elastic parameters. Consequently, this approach avoids the reliance on purely phenomenological interaction parameters commonly found in standard Ising-like models for spin transitions. The obtained results demonstrate the power of the present formalism and the key role of elastic frustration in stabilizing multi-step transitions in 1D spin-crossover materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0350029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T10:40:55Z","timestamp":1790851255000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Elastic frustration and multi-stability in 1D spin-crossover chains: A homogeneous electro-elastic approach"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"165","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0312-7918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Traiche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Physique, Universit\u00e9 Hassiba Ben Bouali 1 , BP 78 Ouled Far\u00e8s, Chlef 02180,","place":["Algeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3626-3107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Oubouchou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Polytechnique d\u2019Architecture et d\u2019Urbanisme 2 , El Harrach 16000,","place":["Algeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0464-1609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamel","family":"Boukheddaden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe d\u2019Etudes de la Mati\u00e8re Condens\u00e9e, UMR CNRS-UVSR 8635, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay (Versailles Campus) 3 , 45 Avenue des Etats Unis, 78035 Versailles, Cedex,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100106404807000_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/b13527","article-title":"Spin crossover: An overall perspective. 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