{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T05:04:12Z","timestamp":1754111052362},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a simulation of the breakdown stage of high-power, short-pulse high-frequency discharges in hydrogen, produced when an electric field of the form E(t)=EmaxIW(1\u2212e\u2212t\/\u03c4)sin(\u03c9t) is applied to a cylindrical resonant cavity. Typical discharge operating conditions considered are applied powers 1\u201315 kW, gas pressures 0.1\u201320 Torr, cavity diameter of 25.71 cm, tube radius of 0.8 cm, field frequency \u03c9\/2\u03c0=1.12 GHz, pulse width tP=10 \u03bcs, and rising times \u03c4 of a few microseconds. Under these conditions, discharge breakdown occurs before the electric field reaches its maximum amplitude EmaxIW, this situation corresponding to the so-called increasing wave (IW) regime. The simulation is based on a Monte Carlo model to calculate the breakdown times, tb, and fields, Eb, for different field rising slopes EmaxIW\/\u03c4\u224310\u22121\u2212103 V\u200acm\u22121\u2008ns\u22121. The results obtained show that a breakdown criterion based on the electron energy balance (\u03b5gain=\u03b5loss, where \u03b5gain and \u03b5loss are, respectively, the mean electron energy gain and loss) yields excellent agreement between calculated and measured values of tb and Eb, while the classical particle rate balance criterion (\u03bdgain=\u03bdloss, where \u03bdion and \u03bdloss are, respectively, the mean electron production and loss frequencies) is satisfied only at pressures below 0.5 Torr. It is further shown that: (i) the IW limit for long breakdown times (tb\u2243\u03c4\u2192\u221e) corresponds to the continuous wave regime; and (ii) there is an equivalence between pulsed excitation, with pulse width tP, and IW regimes, for short breakdown times such that tb=tP\u226a\u03c4.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1288510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T12:34:33Z","timestamp":1027686873000},"page":"3170-3181","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Simulation of pulsed high-frequency breakdown in hydrogen"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Lacoste","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019El\u00e9ctrostatique et des Mat\u00e9riaux Di\u00e9lectriques, 25 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble Cedex 9, France"}]},{"given":"L. L.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de F\u0131\u0301sica dos Plasmas, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"C. M.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de F\u0131\u0301sica dos Plasmas, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Gousset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasmas, Universit\u00e9 de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France"}]}],"member":"317","reference":[{"key":"2024020603452516600_r1","first-page":"130","volume":"PS-8","year":"1980","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci."},{"key":"2024020603452516600_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1063\/1.348771","volume":"69","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Appl. 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