{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T12:56:29Z","timestamp":1775048189796,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An overview is given of recent advances toward the realization of high density, high confinement plasmas with radiating mantles in limiter and divertor tokamaks worldwide. Radiatively improved mode discharges on the Torus Experiment for Technology Oriented Research 94 (TEXTOR-94) [Proceedings of the 16th IEEE Symposium on Fusion Engineering, 1995 (Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Piscataway, NJ, 1995), p. 470] have recently been obtained at trans-Greenwald densities (up to n\u0304\/nGW=1.4) with high confinement mode free of edge localized modes (ELM-free H-mode) confinement quality. Experiments in DIII-D [J. Luxon et al., Proceedings of the 11th IAEA Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research (International Atomic Energy Association, Vienna, 1987), Vol. 1, p. 159] divertor plasmas with a low confinement mode edge have confirmed the dramatic changes in confinement observed with impurity seeding on TEXTOR-94. Recent experiment with impurity seeding on the Joint European Torus [Rebut et al., Fusion Eng. Des. 22, 7 (1993)], and the Japanese Atomic Energy Research Institute Tokamak 60 Upgrade [Horiike et al., Fusion Eng. Des. 16, 285 (1991); Hosogane et al., Proceedings of the 16th IAEA Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research Montreal, 1987 (International Atomic Energy Association, Vienna, 1987), Vol. 3, p. 555] have extended high confinement in ELMy H-mode plasmas to higher densities. Finally, recent progress in the physical understanding of radiating mantle plasmas is summarized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1364513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:17:48Z","timestamp":1027693068000},"page":"2188-2198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Recent progress toward high performance above the Greenwald density limit in impurity seeded discharges in limiter and divertor tokamaks"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Ongena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1LPP\/ERM-KMS, Association EURATOM-Belgian State, B-1000\u2009Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Budny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, New Jersey\u200908543"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Dumortier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1LPP\/ERM-KMS, Association EURATOM-Belgian State, B-1000\u2009Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"given":"G. L.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3DIII-D National Fusion Facility, San Diego, California\u200992186-5698"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Kubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Naka Fusion Research Establishment, Nakamachi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken\u2009311-0913, Japan"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"Messiaen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1LPP\/ERM-KMS, Association EURATOM-Belgian State, B-1000\u2009Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee\u200937831"},{"name":"3DIII-D National Fusion Facility, San Diego, California\u200992186-5698"}]},{"given":"J. D.","family":"Strachan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, New Jersey\u200908543"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Sydora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Tokar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7 IPP, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich GmbH, EURATOM Association, D-52425\u2009J\u00fclich, Germany"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Unterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7 IPP, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich GmbH, EURATOM Association, D-52425\u2009J\u00fclich, Germany"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Samm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7 IPP, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich GmbH, EURATOM Association, D-52425\u2009J\u00fclich, Germany"}]},{"given":"P. E.","family":"Vandenplas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1LPP\/ERM-KMS, Association EURATOM-Belgian State, B-1000\u2009Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Weynants","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1LPP\/ERM-KMS, Association EURATOM-Belgian State, B-1000\u2009Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Asakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Naka Fusion Research Establishment, Nakamachi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken\u2009311-0913, Japan"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Brix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7 IPP, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich GmbH, EURATOM Association, D-52425\u2009J\u00fclich, Germany"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Charlet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8EURATOM\/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Coffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8EURATOM\/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Cordey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8EURATOM\/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"S. K.","family":"Erents","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8EURATOM\/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7 IPP, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich GmbH, EURATOM Association, D-52425\u2009J\u00fclich, Germany"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"von Hellermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9FOM-IVP, EURATOM Association, Postbus 1207, NL-3430\u2009BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands"}]},{"given":"D. L.","family":"Hillis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee\u200937831"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Hogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee\u200937831"}]},{"given":"L. D.","family":"Horton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"10Max-Planck IPP, EURATOM Association, D-85748\u2009Garching, Germany"}]},{"given":"L. C.","family":"Ingesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9FOM-IVP, EURATOM Association, Postbus 1207, NL-3430\u2009BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Itami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Naka Fusion Research Establishment, Nakamachi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken\u2009311-0913, Japan"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Jachmich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1LPP\/ERM-KMS, Association EURATOM-Belgian State, B-1000\u2009Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kallenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"10Max-Planck IPP, EURATOM Association, D-85748\u2009Garching, Germany"}]},{"given":"H. R.","family":"Koslowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7 IPP, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich GmbH, EURATOM Association, D-52425\u2009J\u00fclich, Germany"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kraemer-Flecken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7 IPP, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich GmbH, EURATOM Association, D-52425\u2009J\u00fclich, Germany"}]},{"given":"K. D.","family":"Lawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8EURATOM\/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Loarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"11EFDA-CSU, D-85748\u2009Garching, Germany"}]},{"given":"G. P.","family":"Maddison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8EURATOM\/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Mank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7 IPP, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich GmbH, EURATOM Association, D-52425\u2009J\u00fclich, Germany"}]},{"given":"G. R.","family":"McKee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3DIII-D National Fusion Facility, San Diego, California\u200992186-5698"},{"name":"12University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Meigs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8EURATOM\/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Milani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8EURATOM\/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Monier-Garbet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"13CEA Cadarache, F-13108 St. Paul lez Durance, France"}]},{"given":"M. F. F.","family":"Nave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"14CFN, EURATOM-IST Associa\u00e7\u00e3o, 1096\u2009Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M. E.","family":"Puiatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"15Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127\u2009Padova, Italy"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Parail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8EURATOM\/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Rapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7 IPP, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich GmbH, EURATOM Association, D-52425\u2009J\u00fclich, Germany"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Sakurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Naka Fusion Research Establishment, Nakamachi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken\u2009311-0913, Japan"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Sharapov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8EURATOM\/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Sartori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8EURATOM\/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Stamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8EURATOM\/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Tamai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Naka Fusion Research Establishment, Nakamachi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken\u2009311-0913, Japan"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Telesca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"15Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127\u2009Padova, Italy"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Valisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"15Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127\u2009Padova, Italy"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Van Wassenhove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1LPP\/ERM-KMS, Association EURATOM-Belgian State, B-1000\u2009Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Weyssow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"16Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Association \u201cEURATOM-Belgian State\u201d, Physique Th\u00e9orique et Math\u00e9matique, Unit\u00e9 de Physique des Plasmas, 1050\u2009Brussels"}]},{"given":"K.-D.","family":"Zastrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8EURATOM\/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham, United Kingdom"}]},{"name":"EFDA-JET workprogramme contributors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"317","reference":[{"key":"2024020606395305600_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.1088\/0029-5515\/28\/12\/009","volume":"28","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nucl. Fusion"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r2"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.77.2487","volume":"77","year":"1996","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1088\/0029-5515\/39\/11Y\/303","volume":"39","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucl. Fusion"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1088\/0029-5515\/25\/2\/002","volume":"25","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nucl. Fusion"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3115(84)90104-1","volume":"121","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Mater."},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A379","DOI":"10.1088\/0741-3335\/41\/3A\/031","volume":"41","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r8"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r9"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1088\/0741-3335\/38\/12\/005","volume":"38","year":"1996","journal-title":"Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1063\/1.873327","volume":"6","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phys. Plasmas"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r12"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r13"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r14"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r15"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r16"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A81","DOI":"10.1088\/0741-3335\/42\/5A\/306","volume":"42","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r18"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r19","first-page":"3","volume":"145\u2013147","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Mater."},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1088\/0029-5515\/40\/4\/307","volume":"40","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucl. Fusion"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1088\/0741-3335\/38\/3\/004","volume":"38","year":"1996","journal-title":"Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1088\/0029-5515\/40\/2\/306","volume":"40","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucl. Fusion"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1088\/0029-5515\/39\/6\/305","volume":"39","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucl. Fusion"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.84.895","volume":"84","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r25"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3239","DOI":"10.1063\/1.873564","volume":"6","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phys. Plasmas"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1088\/0029-5515\/39\/12\/302","volume":"39","author":"ITER Physics Basis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucl. Fusion"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.84.1922","volume":"84","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r29"},{"issue":"2T","key":"2024020606395305600_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.13182\/FST98-A11947009","volume":"33","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trans. Fusion Technol."},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r31"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1088\/0029-5515\/39\/7\/308","volume":"39","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucl. Fusion"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1088\/0741-3335\/38\/12A\/021","volume":"38","year":"1996","journal-title":"Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r34"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1063\/1.873330","volume":"6","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phys. Plasmas"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1088\/0029-5515\/38\/3\/304","volume":"38","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nucl. Fusion"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r37","first-page":"264","volume":"5","year":"1980","journal-title":"Comments Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r38"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r39"},{"key":"2024020606395305600_r40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1088\/0741-3335\/39\/12B\/024","volume":"39","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion"}],"container-title":["Physics of Plasmas"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/pop\/article-pdf\/8\/5\/2188\/19187282\/2188_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/pop\/article-pdf\/8\/5\/2188\/19187282\/2188_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T07:01:49Z","timestamp":1707202909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/pop\/article\/8\/5\/2188\/859934\/Recent-progress-toward-high-performance-above-the"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.1364513","relation":{},"ISSN":["1070-664X","1089-7674"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1070-664X","type":"print"},{"value":"1089-7674","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2001,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,1]]}}}