{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T04:15:54Z","timestamp":1778386554154,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We report the improvement of the electroluminescence efficiency of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on polyfluorene blends, upon insertion of a thin film of poly(p-phenylene vinylene), PPV, between a hole-injection layer of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene), doped with polystyrene sulfonic acid, and the polyfluorenes emissive layer. For LEDs using a blend of poly(9,9\u2032-dioctylfluorene), with 5 wt\u200a% of the green emitter poly(9,9\u2032-dioctylfluorene-altbenzothiadiazole), and calcium cathodes, the efficiency increases from 2.1 to 4.1 cd\/A upon insertion of such a PPV layer. We propose that such an improvement is mainly due to the electron-blocking effect of the PPV layer, leading to improved charge carriers balance within the emissive layer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1467981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:18:02Z","timestamp":1027693082000},"page":"2436-2438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Improved efficiency of light-emitting diodes based on polyfluorene blends upon insertion of a poly(p-phenylene vinylene) electron- confinement layer"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Morgado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u0131\u0301mica, Avenida Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001\u2009Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"R. H.","family":"Friend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3\u20090HE, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Cacialli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3\u20090HE, United Kingdom"}]}],"member":"317","reference":[{"key":"2024020322025191300_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4095(200012)12:23<1737::AID-ADMA1737>3.0.CO;2-N","volume":"12","year":"2000","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2024020322025191300_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1063\/1.123862","volume":"74","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2024020322025191300_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4095(200106)13:11<810::AID-ADMA810>3.0.CO;2-C","volume":"13","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv. 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