{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T08:37:16Z","timestamp":1742632636070},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"16","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Local piezoelectric response of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films is investigated by scanning force microscopy as a function of the amplitude of driving ac field. Thus obtained local piezoelectric nonlinearity is compared with the macroscopic behavior deduced earlier from interferometric measurements. The nanoscale piezoelectric properties are found to be remarkably different from the average macroscopic response. In particular, the local piezoelectric nonlinearity measured inside uniformly polarized areas (domains) is unexpectedly high, being qualitatively different for the as-grown domains of opposite polarities. The minority domains are often unstable and switch into the opposite polarization state under an electric field several times lower than that required for global polarization switching. This effect is explained by the presence of charged domain boundaries below the surface and by their field-induced depinning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1514389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,10]],"date-time":"2002-10-10T14:19:06Z","timestamp":1034259546000},"page":"3025-3027","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Piezoelectric nonlinearity of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films probed by scanning force microscopy"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"V. V.","family":"Shvartsman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ceramics and Glass Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193\u2009Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"A. L.","family":"Kholkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ceramics and Glass Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193\u2009Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"N. A.","family":"Pertsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A. F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021\u2009St. Petersburg, Russia"}]}],"member":"317","reference":[{"key":"2024020323134558500_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7116","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.37.7116","volume":"37","year":"1998","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1"},{"key":"2024020323134558500_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1063\/1.355874","volume":"75","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Appl. 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