{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T12:56:10Z","timestamp":1774443370603,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Photon acceleration is the phenomenon whereby a light wave changes color when propagating through a medium whose index of refraction changes in time. This concept can be used to describe the spectral changes experienced by electromagnetic waves when they propagate in spatially and temporally varying plasmas. In this paper the detection of a large-amplitude laser-driven wake field is reported for the first time, demonstrating photon acceleration. Several features characteristic of photon acceleration in wake fields, such as splitting of the main spectral peak and asymmetries between the blueshift and redshift for large shifts, have been observed. The experiment is modeled using both a novel photon-kinetic code and a three-dimensional particle-in-cell code. In addition to the wide-ranging applications in the field of compact particle accelerators, the concept of wave kinetics can be applied to understanding phenomena in nonlinear optics, space physics, and fusion energy research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2178650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,30]],"date-time":"2006-03-30T23:02:42Z","timestamp":1143759762000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Evidence of photon acceleration by laser wake fields"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"C. D.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom and , Imperial College, London, SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Blackett Laboratory , Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom and , Imperial College, London, SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Trines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico GOLP\/Centro de F\u00edsica de Plasmas, , Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"A. J. W.","family":"Reitsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Strathclyde Department of Physics, , Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Bingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom and Department of Physics, , Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom"},{"name":"University of Strathclyde , Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom and Department of Physics, , Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"J. L.","family":"Collier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"E. J.","family":"Divall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"P. S.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"C. J.","family":"Hooker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Langley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"P. A.","family":"Norreys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"R. A.","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico GOLP\/Centro de F\u00edsica de Plasmas, , Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Fiuza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico GOLP\/Centro de F\u00edsica de Plasmas, , Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"L. O.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico GOLP\/Centro de F\u00edsica de Plasmas, , Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"J. T.","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico GOLP\/Centro de F\u00edsica de Plasmas, , Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"W. B.","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Los Angeles Department of Physics and Astronomy, , Los Angeles, California 90095-1547"}]},{"given":"J. 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