{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T22:49:08Z","timestamp":1775602148414,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A detailed study of surface laser damage performed on a nonlinear optical crystal, urea L-malic acid, using 7ns laser pulses at 10Hz repetition rate from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at wavelengths of 532 and 1064nm is reported. The single shot and multiple shot surface laser damage threshold values are determined to be 26.64\u00b10.19 and 20.60\u00b10.36GWcm\u22122 at 1064nm and 18.44\u00b10.31 and 7.52\u00b10.22GWcm\u22122 at 532nm laser radiation, respectively. The laser damage anisotropy is consistent with the Vickers mechanical hardness measurement performed along three crystallographic directions. The Knoop polar plot also reflects the damage morphology. Our investigation reveals a direct correlation between the laser damage profile and hardness anisotropy. Thermal breakdown of the crystal is identified as the possible mechanism of laser induced surface damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2193164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,12]],"date-time":"2006-06-12T16:13:20Z","timestamp":1150128800000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Laser damage threshold studies on urea <scp>L<\/scp>-malic acid: A nonlinear optical crystal"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Vanishri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Science Department of Physics, , Bangalore-560012, India"}]},{"given":"H. L.","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Science Department of Physics, , Bangalore-560012, India"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Deepthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochin University of Science and Technology International School of Photonics, , Kochi-682022, India"}]},{"given":"V. P. N.","family":"Nampoori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochin University of Science and Technology International School of Photonics, , Kochi-682022, India"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"de Matos Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho Departamento de Fisica, , 4709 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Belsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho Departamento de Fisica, , 4709 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023063019122541400_c1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1126\/science.253.5017.281","volume":"253","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023063019122541400_c2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.12.000637","volume":"12","year":"1973","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"2023063019122541400_c3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.12.000650","volume":"12","year":"1973","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"2023063019122541400_c4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-6779(00)00339-8","volume":"115","year":"2000","journal-title":"Synth. Met."},{"key":"2023063019122541400_c5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0248(03)01031-5","volume":"253","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cryst. Growth"},{"key":"2023063019122541400_c6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2004.08.016","volume":"242","year":"2004","journal-title":"Opt. Commun."},{"key":"2023063019122541400_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1063\/1.100535","volume":"53","year":"1988","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2023063019122541400_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6049","DOI":"10.1063\/1.359127","volume":"77","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2023063019122541400_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2692","DOI":"10.1063\/1.101969","volume":"55","year":"1989","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2023063019122541400_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3464","DOI":"10.1063\/1.351421","volume":"72","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2023063019122541400_c11"},{"key":"2023063019122541400_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"042903","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.69.042903","volume":"69","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"2023063019122541400_c13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5483","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.42.005483","volume":"42","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"2023063019122541400_c14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0248(94)90307-7","volume":"140","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Cryst. Growth"},{"key":"2023063019122541400_c15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0254-0584(00)00362-X","volume":"69","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2023063019122541400_c16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0248(02)01327-1","volume":"242","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Cryst. Growth"},{"key":"2023063019122541400_c17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.34.001239","volume":"34","year":"1995","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"2023063019122541400_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.74.2248","volume":"74","year":"1995","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2023063019122541400_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L129","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.38.L129","volume":"38","year":"1999","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 2"},{"key":"2023063019122541400_c20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1080\/095003496155625","volume":"43","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Mod. Opt."},{"key":"2023063019122541400_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3125","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1436287","volume":"91","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2023063019122541400_c22","first-page":"338","volume":"QE-8","year":"1972","journal-title":"IEEE J. Quantum Electron."}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/jap\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1063\/1.2193164\/14963539\/083107_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/jap\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1063\/1.2193164\/14963539\/083107_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T19:12:40Z","timestamp":1688152360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jap\/article\/99\/8\/083107\/292737\/Laser-damage-threshold-studies-on-urea-L-malic"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,15]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.2193164","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8979","1089-7550"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8979","type":"print"},{"value":"1089-7550","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,15]]},"article-number":"083107"}}