{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T10:52:12Z","timestamp":1753872732586,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"22","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A spontaneous polarization of 16\u2002\u03bcC\/cm2 at room temperature has been found in the semiorganic crystal potassium hydrogen malate (KHC4H4O5\u22c5H2O). This high polarization results from a structural arrangement of oriented dipoles formed by the potassium cations and the COO\u2212 group from the malate anion, and long hydrogen bonded polarized chains created by the hydrogen L-malate anion via O\u2013H\u22efO interactions, directed along the polar sixfold axis. The material shows a second harmonic generation with a rotationally averaged effective second order susceptibility equal to 0.70 of potassium dihydrogen phosphate at an incident wavelength of 1064 nm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3036010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,3]],"date-time":"2008-12-03T02:03:57Z","timestamp":1228269837000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pyroelectric potassium hydrogen malate with polarized hydrogen bond chains and aligned dipole moments"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"de Matos Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho 1 Departamento de F\u00edsica, , Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M. S.","family":"Belsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho 1 Departamento de F\u00edsica, , Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Criado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Sevilla 2 Departamento de F\u00edsica de la Materia Condensada, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, CSIC, , Apartado 1065, Sevilla 41012, Spain"}]},{"given":"V. H.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de Coimbra 3 Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, , 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M. M. 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