{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T22:27:42Z","timestamp":1759184862987,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The operation of visible-sensitive gaseous and to some extent, vacuum-photomultipliers is critically affected by secondary electrons originating from ion impact on the photocathode. A simple method for indirect measurement of the effective ion-induced secondary-electron emission (IISEE) coefficient from the photocathode into a gas medium \u03b3+eff was developed. The experimental results with visible-sensitive K\u2013Cs\u2013Sb, Na\u2013K\u2013Sb, and Cs\u2013Sb photocathodes, yielded \u03b3+eff-values between 0.02 and 0.03 in Ar\/CH4(95\/5) at 700 mbar; these are in good agreement with theoretical calculations. The corresponding vacuum IISEE coefficients \u03b3+ were estimated, based on a theoretical model, to be 0.47, 0.49, and 0.47 for K\u2013Cs\u2013Sb, Na\u2013K\u2013Sb, and Cs\u2013Sb photocathodes, respectively. The ratio of gas \u03b3+eff and vacuum \u03b3+ IISEE coefficients, calculated to be \u223c0.06, is the fraction of secondary electrons surmounted the backscattering in the gas media.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3197063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,18]],"date-time":"2009-08-18T22:23:58Z","timestamp":1250634238000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Ion-induced secondary electron emission from K\u2013Cs\u2013Sb, Na\u2013K\u2013Sb, and Cs\u2013Sb photocathodes and its relevance to the operation of gaseous avalanche photomultipliers"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Lyashenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Weizmann Institute of Science 1 Department of Particle Physics, , 76100 Rehovot, Israel"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Breskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weizmann Institute of Science 1 Department of Particle Physics, , 76100 Rehovot, Israel"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Chechik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weizmann Institute of Science 1 Department of Particle Physics, , 76100 Rehovot, Israel"}]},{"given":"T. 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