{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T15:08:47Z","timestamp":1770563327495,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A systematic experimental and computational investigation of the effects of three well characterized density scalelengths on fast electron energy transport in ultra-intense laser-solid interactions has been performed. Experimental evidence is presented which shows that, when the density scalelength is sufficiently large, the fast electron beam entering the solid-density plasma is best described by two distinct populations: those accelerated within the coronal plasma (the fast electron pre-beam) and those accelerated near or at the critical density surface (the fast electron main-beam). The former has considerably lower divergence and higher temperature than that of the main-beam with a half-angle of \u223c20\u00b0. It contains up to 30% of the total fast electron energy absorbed into the target. The number, kinetic energy, and total energy of the fast electrons in the pre-beam are increased by an increase in density scalelength. With larger density scalelengths, the fast electrons heat a smaller cross sectional area of the target, causing the thinnest targets to reach significantly higher rear surface temperatures. Modelling indicates that the enhanced fast electron pre-beam associated with the large density scalelength interaction generates a magnetic field within the target of sufficient magnitude to partially collimate the subsequent, more divergent, fast electron main-beam.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4714615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,15]],"date-time":"2012-05-15T23:36:24Z","timestamp":1337124984000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["A study of fast electron energy transport in relativistically intense laser-plasma interactions with large density scalelengths"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"R. H. H.","family":"Scott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London 1 Department of Physics, , Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot 2 , Oxford OX11 0QX, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LULI, \u00c9cole Polytechnique, UMR 7605, CNRS\/CEA\/UPMC 3 , Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France"}]},{"given":"J. J.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Bordeaux\/CNRS\/CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107 4 , 33405 Talence, France"}]},{"given":"C. P.","family":"Ridgers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford 5 Clarendon Laboratory, , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom"},{"name":"The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London 1 Department of Physics, , Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"J. R.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GoLP, Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\u00e3o Nuclear - Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico 6 , 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"K. L.","family":"Lancaster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot 2 , Oxford OX11 0QX, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"S. D.","family":"Baton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LULI, \u00c9cole Polytechnique, UMR 7605, CNRS\/CEA\/UPMC 3 , Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France"}]},{"given":"Ph.","family":"Nicolai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Bordeaux\/CNRS\/CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107 4 , 33405 Talence, France"}]},{"given":"R. M. G. M.","family":"Trines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot 2 , Oxford OX11 0QX, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"A. R.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford 5 Clarendon Laboratory, , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot 2 , Oxford OX11 0QX, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Hulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Bordeaux\/CNRS\/CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107 4 , 33405 Talence, France"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Tzoufras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford 5 Clarendon Laboratory, , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot 2 , Oxford OX11 0QX, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"S. J.","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London 1 Department of Physics, , Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"P. A.","family":"Norreys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London 1 Department of Physics, , Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot 2 , Oxford OX11 0QX, United Kingdom"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023071605513881700_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.69.1383","volume":"69","year":"1992","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103101","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3240341","volume":"16","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Plamas"},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"045008","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.102.045008","volume":"102","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c4","first-page":"1966","article-title":"Hot electron production and heating by hot electrons in fast ignitor research","volume-title":"The 39th Annual Meeting of Division of Plasma Physics of APS","year":"1998"},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185004","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.93.185004","volume":"93","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205006","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.97.205006","volume":"97","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2458","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1476004","volume":"9","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. Plasmas"},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115002","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.94.115002","volume":"94","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1051\/jp4:2006133075","volume":"133","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings)"},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.84.670","volume":"84","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2945","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.85.2945","volume":"85","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4108","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.84.4108","volume":"84","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hedp.2007.02.007","volume":"3","year":"2007","journal-title":"High Energy Density Phys."},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125004","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.91.125004","volume":"91","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"085001","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.104.085001","volume":"104","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"022702","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3551591","volume":"18","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Plasmas"},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4843","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.82.4843","volume":"82","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1063\/1.870664","volume":"1","year":"1994","journal-title":"Phys. Plasmas"},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1038\/35090525","volume":"412","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L25","DOI":"10.1088\/0029-5515\/46\/11\/L02","article-title":"Three-dimensional fast electron transport for ignition-scale inertial fusion capsules","volume":"46","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nucl. Fusion"},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"015016","DOI":"10.1088\/0741-3335\/51\/1\/015016","volume":"51","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion"},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"B87","DOI":"10.1088\/0741-3335\/49\/12B\/S07","article-title":"Modelling electron transport for fast ignition","volume":"49","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion"},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.77.2483","volume":"77","year":"1996","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1088\/0741-3335\/39\/5\/001","volume":"39","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion"},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7193","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.56.7193","article-title":"Short-pulse high-intensity laser-generated fast electron transport into thick solid targets","volume":"56","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"056404","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.68.056404","volume":"68","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1088\/0741-3335\/48\/8\/010","volume":"48","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion"},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"083105","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2768317","volume":"14","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. Plasmas"},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"055001","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.102.055001","volume":"102","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135001","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.105.135001","volume":"105","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"066406","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.79.066406","volume":"79","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1109\/3.641310","volume":"33","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE J. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1002\/fld.1557","volume":"56","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids"},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113102","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3013123","volume":"79","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hedp.2005.07.001","volume":"1","year":"2005","journal-title":"High Energy Density Phys."},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1149383","volume":"70","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4650","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.57.4650","volume":"57","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.89.025001","article-title":"Fast electron transport in ultraintense laser pulse interaction with solid targets by rear-side self-radiation diagnostics","volume":"89","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2994","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1576388","volume":"10","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys. Plasmas"},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105001","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.91.105001","volume":"91","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c41","first-page":"342","volume-title":"Computational Science\u2014ICCS 2002","author":"Sloot","year":"2002"},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"066414","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.69.066414","volume":"69","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"035003","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.91.035003","volume":"91","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2023071605513881700_c44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"025002","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.100.025002","volume":"100","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."}],"container-title":["Physics of Plasmas"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/pop\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1063\/1.4714615\/13986353\/053104_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/pop\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1063\/1.4714615\/13986353\/053104_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,16]],"date-time":"2023-07-16T05:51:47Z","timestamp":1689486707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/pop\/article\/19\/5\/053104\/596967\/A-study-of-fast-electron-energy-transport-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.4714615","relation":{},"ISSN":["1070-664X","1089-7674"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1070-664X","type":"print"},{"value":"1089-7674","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]]},"article-number":"053104"}}