{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T10:58:25Z","timestamp":1768733905507,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The new JET ITER-like wall (made of beryllium and tungsten) is more fragile than the former carbon fiber composite wall and requires active protection to prevent excessive heat loads on the plasma facing components (PFC). Analog CCD cameras operating in the near infrared wavelength are used to measure surface temperature of the PFCs. Region of interest (ROI) analysis is performed in real time and the maximum temperature measured in each ROI is sent to the vessel thermal map. The protection of the ITER-like wall system started in October 2011 and has already successfully led to a safe landing of the plasma when hot spots were observed on the Be main chamber PFCs. Divertor protection is more of a challenge due to dust deposits that often generate false hot spots. In this contribution we describe the camera, data capture and real time processing systems. We discuss the calibration strategy for the temperature measurements with cross validation with thermal IR cameras and bi-color pyrometers. Most importantly, we demonstrate that a protection system based on CCD cameras can work and show examples of hot spot detections that stop the plasma pulse. The limits of such a design and the associated constraints on the operations are also presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4738742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,18]],"date-time":"2012-08-18T22:10:06Z","timestamp":1345327806000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["A protection system for the JET ITER-like wall based on imaging diagnostics"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Arnoux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Euratom\/CCFE Fusion Association 1 , Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Devaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EURATOM-Assoziation 2 Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Plasmaphysik, , D-85748 Garching, Germany"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa 3 Associa\u00e7\u00e3o EURATOM\/IST, Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\u00e3o Nuclear, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, , P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Balboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Euratom\/CCFE Fusion Association 1 , Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Balorin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association EURATOM-CEA 4 , CEA\/DSM\/IRFM, Cadarache 13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Balshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Euratom\/CCFE Fusion Association 1 , Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Beldishevski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Euratom\/CCFE Fusion Association 1 , Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa 3 Associa\u00e7\u00e3o EURATOM\/IST, Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\u00e3o Nuclear, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, , P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Clever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EURATOM Association 5 Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, Institute of Energy and Climate Research \u2013 Plasma Physics, , D-52425 J\u00fclich, Germany"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Cramp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Euratom\/CCFE Fusion Association 1 , Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"J.-L.","family":"de Pablos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asociacion EURATOM-CIEMAT 6 Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion, , Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"de la Cal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asociacion EURATOM-CIEMAT 6 Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion, , Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Falie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association EURATOM-MEdC 7 The National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, , Magurele-Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Garcia-Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asociacion EURATOM-CIEMAT 6 Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion, , Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Felton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Euratom\/CCFE Fusion Association 1 , Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Gervaise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association EURATOM-CEA 4 , CEA\/DSM\/IRFM, Cadarache 13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Goodyear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Euratom\/CCFE Fusion Association 1 , Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Horton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Euratom\/CCFE Fusion Association 1 , Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Jachmich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association \u201cEURATOM \u2013 Belgian State 8 \u201d Laboratory for Plasma Physics Koninklijke Militaire School \u2013 Ecole Royale Militaire Renaissancelaan 30 Avenue de la Renaissance, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EURATOM Association 5 Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, Institute of Energy and Climate Research \u2013 Plasma Physics, , D-52425 J\u00fclich, Germany"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Jouve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association EURATOM-CEA 4 , CEA\/DSM\/IRFM, Cadarache 13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Kinna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Euratom\/CCFE Fusion Association 1 , Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Kruezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EURATOM Association 5 Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, Institute of Energy and Climate Research \u2013 Plasma Physics, , D-52425 J\u00fclich, Germany"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Manzanares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asociacion EURATOM-CIEMAT 6 Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion, , Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association EURATOM-CEA 4 , CEA\/DSM\/IRFM, Cadarache 13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"McCullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Euratom\/CCFE Fusion Association 1 , Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Moncada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association EURATOM-CEA 4 , CEA\/DSM\/IRFM, Cadarache 13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Obrejan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Euratom\/CCFE Fusion Association 1 , Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Euratom\/CCFE Fusion Association 1 , Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"P. J.","family":"Lomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Euratom\/CCFE Fusion Association 1 , Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa 3 Associa\u00e7\u00e3o EURATOM\/IST, Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\u00e3o Nuclear, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, , P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Rimini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Euratom\/CCFE Fusion Association 1 , Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Ruset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association EURATOM-MEdC 7 The National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, , Magurele-Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Schweer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EURATOM Association 5 Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, Institute of Energy and Climate Research \u2013 Plasma Physics, , D-52425 J\u00fclich, Germany"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Sergienko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EURATOM Association 5 Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, Institute of Energy and Climate Research \u2013 Plasma Physics, , D-52425 J\u00fclich, Germany"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Sieglin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EURATOM-Assoziation 2 Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Plasmaphysik, , D-85748 Garching, Germany"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Soleto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asociacion EURATOM-CIEMAT 6 Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion, , Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Stamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Euratom\/CCFE Fusion Association 1 , Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Stephen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Euratom\/CCFE Fusion Association 1 , Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"P. 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