{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T09:10:58Z","timestamp":1773825058294,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The multijet impingement atomization strategy is proposed as a competitive one in designing atomizers with relatively simple geometries, producing sprays from the impact of multiple jets at low-flow rate conditions (&amp;lt;1.5\u2009l\/min). Most theoretical studies have been made for the spray produced by the impact of two jets. However, there are two important geometric issues related with the atomizer design, scarcely approached in the literature, which are the pre-impingement length of jets before impact and jet misalignment. This work analyses the influence of these parameters on the structure of the liquid sheet as well as on drop size. First, the liquid sheet structure has two hydrodynamic regimes: closed-rim and open-rim. The results evidence that higher pre-jet-impingement distances influence only the open-rim regime, namely, producing shorter liquid sheet breakup lengths, smaller drop sizes, and more droplets. The jet misalignment elongates the liquid sheet in the closed-rim regime, and anticipates breakup in the open-rim regime.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4774347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,29]],"date-time":"2013-01-29T23:50:58Z","timestamp":1359503458000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Effect of pre-impingement length and misalignment in the hydrodynamics of multijet impingement atomization"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"M. R. O.","family":"Pan\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Lisbon IN+, Center for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, , Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"J. M. D.","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Lisbon IN+, Center for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, , Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023062817290547100_c1","first-page":"605","article-title":"Impinging jet atomization","volume-title":"Handbook of Atomization and Sprays","year":"2011"},{"key":"2023062817290547100_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"087104","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2338064","article-title":"Characteristics of liquid sheets formed by two impinging jets","volume":"18","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"2023062817290547100_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112005007962","article-title":"Atomization by jet impact","volume":"549","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2023062817290547100_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2820688","article-title":"Thickness variation of a liquid sheet formed by two impinging jets using holographic interferometry","volume":"120","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Fluids Eng."},{"key":"2023062817290547100_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112101","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2795780","article-title":"The effect of jet velocity profile on the characteristics of thickness and velocity of the liquid sheet formed by two impinging jets","volume":"19","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"2023062817290547100_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2011.11.031","article-title":"High-power electronics thermal management with intermittent multijet sprays","volume":"37","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"2023062817290547100_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.02.036","article-title":"Microprocessor cooling based on an intermittent multijet spray system","volume":"55","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer"},{"key":"2023062817290547100_c8","first-page":"69","article-title":"Spray formation processes of impinging jet injectors","volume":"2","year":"1993","journal-title":"NASA Prop. Eng. Res. C"},{"key":"2023062817290547100_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"042101","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3373513","article-title":"Atomization patterns produced by the oblique collision of two Newtonian liquid jets","volume":"22","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"2023062817290547100_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1615\/AtomizSpr.v19.i1.10","article-title":"Effect of skewness on the characteristics of impinging jet atomizers","volume":"19","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atomization Sprays"},{"key":"2023062817290547100_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2981","DOI":"10.1063\/1.857840","article-title":"Impinging jets atomization","volume":"3","year":"1991","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids A"},{"key":"2023062817290547100_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690100533","article-title":"Thickness distribution in a sheet formed by impinging jets","volume":"10","year":"1964","journal-title":"AIChE J."},{"key":"2023062817290547100_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880107","DOI":"10.4271\/880107","article-title":"Modeling engine spray\/wall impingement","year":"1988","journal-title":"SAE Technical Paper"},{"key":"2023062817290547100_c14","volume-title":"Breakup of Liquid Sheet and Jets","year":"2003"},{"key":"2023062817290547100_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.fluid.30.1.85","article-title":"Drop and spray formation from a liquid jet","volume":"30","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech."}],"container-title":["Physics of Fluids"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/pof\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1063\/1.4774347\/13469959\/012105_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/pof\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1063\/1.4774347\/13469959\/012105_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T17:40:46Z","timestamp":1687974046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/pof\/article\/25\/1\/012105\/258345\/Effect-of-pre-impingement-length-and-misalignment"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.4774347","relation":{},"ISSN":["1070-6631","1089-7666"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1070-6631","type":"print"},{"value":"1089-7666","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]},"article-number":"012105"}}