{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T10:11:22Z","timestamp":1777630282589,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Lead-free tetragonal tungsten bronze Sr5LaTi3Nb7O30 ceramics were prepared and the correlation of the relaxor nature and crystal structure was studied using dielectric spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. Three dielectric relaxations were observed below the deviation temperature TD \u223c 330\u2009K. Relaxation I and II followed the Vogel-Fulcher law with the freezing temperatures of 189\u2009K and \u223c90\u2009K. Low temperature relaxation III, which was first observed in filled tungsten bronze, followed well the Arrhenius law. Dielectric response becomes static below 50\u2009K. Polarization-field (P-E) hysteresis loops were evaluated from 183\u2009K to 298\u2009K. Pr value of 0.41\u03bcC\/cm2 was observed at 183\u2009K. Deviation of lattice parameter c from the linear contraction and increasing of tetragonality (c\/a ratio) were observed below TD, reflecting the structure change during the formation of polar nanoregions and the following freezing process. Opposite tendency was observed below 100\u2009K for all the lattice parameters, corresponding to relaxation III. Generally, the main dielectric relaxation I and II were attributed to flipping and breathing of polar nanoregions along c axis, while the concerted rotations of the oxygen octahedra in the ab plane were suggested as the origin of relaxation III.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4822025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,25]],"date-time":"2013-09-25T02:39:06Z","timestamp":1380076746000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Relaxor nature in lead-free Sr5LaTi3Nb7O30 tetragonal tungsten bronze ceramics"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Xiao","family":"Li Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Dielectric Materials, Zhejiang University 1 , 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China"},{"name":"Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, Centre for Research in Ceramics and Composite Materials, CICECO, University of Aveiro 2 , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Dielectric Materials, Zhejiang University 1 , 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Asif Rafiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, Centre for Research in Ceramics and Composite Materials, CICECO, University of Aveiro 2 , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Qiang Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Dielectric Materials, Zhejiang University 1 , 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Ming Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Dielectric Materials, Zhejiang University 1 , 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023070521534271500_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1063\/1.365983","volume":"82","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. 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