{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T12:57:20Z","timestamp":1769518640804,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"16","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission (EC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Marie Curie IEF 2012 Action No. 327367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Marie Curie IEF 2012 Action No. 327367"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The structure of the electronic energy levels of a single phase Cu2ZnSnS4 film, as confirmed by Raman Scattering and x-ray diffraction, is investigated through a dependence on the excitation power of the photoluminescence (PL). The behavior of the observed asymmetric band, with a peak energy at \u223c1.22\u2009eV, is compared with two theoretical models: (i) fluctuating potentials and (ii) donor-acceptor pair transitions. It is shown that the radiative recombination channels in the Cu-poor film are strongly influenced by tail states in the bandgap as a consequence of a heavy doping and compensation levels. The contribution of the PL for the evaluation of secondary phases is also highlighted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4899057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,22]],"date-time":"2014-10-22T00:30:40Z","timestamp":1413937840000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Comparison of fluctuating potentials and donor-acceptor pair transitions in a Cu-poor Cu2ZnSnS4 based solar cell"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"J. P.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de Aveiro 1 Departamento de F\u00edsica and I3N, , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"R. A.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de Aveiro 1 Departamento de F\u00edsica and I3N, , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M. G.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de Aveiro 1 Departamento de F\u00edsica and I3N, , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"A. F.","family":"da Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de Aveiro 1 Departamento de F\u00edsica and I3N, , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"P. A.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de Aveiro 1 Departamento de F\u00edsica and I3N, , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto 2 Departamento de F\u00edsica, , Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"P. M. P.","family":"Salom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Laboratory for Nanostructured Solar Cells (LaNaSC) 3 , Av. Mestre Jos\u00e9 Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"J. C.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais 4 Departamento de F\u00edsica, , 30123-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}]},{"given":"J. P.","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de Aveiro 1 Departamento de F\u00edsica and I3N, , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023061802403522100_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0927-0248(02)00127-7","volume":"75","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells"},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c2","first-page":"2236","year":"2012"},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solmat.2014.03.043","volume":"126","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells"},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"041201","DOI":"10.1143\/APEX.1.041201","volume":"1","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Express"},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c5","year":"2014"},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1002\/pip.2525","volume":"22","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Photovoltaics: Res. Appl."},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c7","author":"Yamada","year":"2009"},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"024120","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.84.024120","volume":"84","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165324","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.84.165324","volume":"84","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2010.12.105","volume":"519","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thin Solid Films"},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191902","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4829063","volume":"103","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solmat.2014.03.052","volume":"126","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells"},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"081907","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4866666","volume":"104","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2004.11.052","volume":"480\u2013481","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thin Solid Films"},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103506","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4820250","volume":"103","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0079-6786(73)90004-6","volume":"8","year":"1973","journal-title":"Prog. Solid State Chem."},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2006.08.047","volume":"121","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Lumin."},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165211","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.84.165211","volume":"84","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183508","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4829455","volume":"114","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"045206","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.86.045206","volume":"86","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2891","DOI":"10.1002\/pssa.200669545","volume":"203","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Status Solidi A"},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.47.596","volume":"47","year":"2008","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1"},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1002\/pip.2279","volume":"22","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Photovoltaics: Res. Appl."},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193903","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4829920","volume":"103","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223503","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4810846","volume":"113","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cap.2013.12.029","volume":"14","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2012.11.080","volume":"535","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thin Solid Films"},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4578","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-013-1445-2","volume":"24","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron."},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2434","DOI":"10.1063\/1.324007","volume":"48","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"063508","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2180429","volume":"99","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3072","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.6.3072","volume":"6","year":"1972","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8989","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.45.8989","volume":"45","year":"1992","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215403","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/43\/21\/215403","volume":"43","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305109","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/46\/30\/305109","volume":"46","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7425","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-014-8446-2","volume":"49","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1070\/PU1981v024n03ABEH004770","volume":"24","year":"1981","journal-title":"Sov. Phys.-Usp."},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5043","DOI":"10.1063\/1.323631","volume":"48","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1063\/1.369273","volume":"85","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4391","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1357786","volume":"89","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2023061802403522100_c40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1063\/1.322633","volume":"47","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1063\/1.4927663","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,28]],"date-time":"2015-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438041600000}}],"container-title":["Applied Physics Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/apl\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1063\/1.4899057\/14026735\/163901_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/apl\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1063\/1.4899057\/14026735\/163901_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,18]],"date-time":"2023-06-18T02:40:44Z","timestamp":1687056044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/apl\/article\/105\/16\/163901\/28073\/Comparison-of-fluctuating-potentials-and-donor"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,20]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.4899057","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1063\/1.4927663","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0003-6951","1077-3118"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-6951","type":"print"},{"value":"1077-3118","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,20]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,20]]},"article-number":"163901"}}