{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:07:39Z","timestamp":1761581259165,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,9]],"date-time":"2014-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1418083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,9]],"date-time":"2014-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1418083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dutch ministery of Education, Culture, and Science Gravity program","award":["024.001.035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["024.001.035"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Polymer Institute","award":["704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["704"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission (EC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FP7\/2007-2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7\/2007-2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (Foundation for Science and Technology)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IT-Lx"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT-Lx"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Electroforming of indium-tin-oxide\/alkali halide\/poly(spirofluorene)\/Ba\/Al diodes has been investigated by bias dependent reflectivity measurements. The threshold voltages for electrocoloration and electroforming are independent of layer thickness and correlate with the bandgap of the alkali halide. We argue that the origin is voltage induced defect formation. Frenkel defect pairs are formed by electron\u2013hole recombination in the alkali halide. This self-accelerating process mitigates injection barriers. The dynamic junction formation is compared to that of a light emitting electrochemical cell. A critical defect density for electroforming is 1025\/m3. The electroformed alkali halide layer can be considered as a highly doped semiconductor with metallic transport characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4903831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,10]],"date-time":"2014-12-10T01:30:14Z","timestamp":1418175014000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Relation between the electroforming voltage in alkali halide-polymer diodes and the bandgap of the alkali halide"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Benjamin F.","family":"Bory","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eindhoven University of Technology 1 Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Jingxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eindhoven University of Technology 1 Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Henrique L.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es 2 , Av. Rovisco, Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal and , Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Universidade do Algarve 2 , Av. Rovisco, Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal and , Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9 A. J.","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eindhoven University of Technology 1 Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Dago M.","family":"De Leeuw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research 3 , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany and , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdulaziz University 3 , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany and , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Stefan C. J.","family":"Meskers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eindhoven University of Technology 1 Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,9]]},"reference":[{"year":"2010","key":"2023061716301853700_c1"},{"key":"2023061716301853700_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1088\/0034-4885\/33\/3\/306","volume":"33","year":"1970","journal-title":"Rep. Prog. 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