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Intense 8.9\u2009keV x-ray pulses of 60\u2009fs duration deposit energy predominantly via inner-shell ionization to create a non-equilibrium Ag solid density plasma. The x-ray pulses are focused to 14\u2009\u00d7\u200917\u2009\u03bcm2 by means of beryllium lenses and by varying the total beam energy, the energy deposition is varied over a range of irradiances from 4.4 to 6.5\u2009\u00d7\u20091015\u2009W\/cm2. Two time-and-space resolved interferometers simultaneously probed the expansion of the front and rear sample surfaces and find evidence of a nearly symmetric expansion pointing to the uniformity of energy deposition over the full target thickness. The experimental results are compared with two different hydrodynamic simulations of the sample expansion. The agreement between experimental and theoretical results yields an estimate of the temperature evolution as a function of x-ray irradiance that varies from 8 to 10\u2009eV for the x-ray irradiances studied.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4916103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,24]],"date-time":"2015-03-24T18:35:13Z","timestamp":1427222113000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["The creation of large-volume, gradient-free warm dense matter with an x-ray free-electron laser"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8216-2745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"L\u00e9vy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s 1 , UPMC Univ. 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