{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T03:03:56Z","timestamp":1774062236289,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,16]],"date-time":"2015-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,16]],"date-time":"2015-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429142400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dutch Polymer Institute","award":["704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["704"]}]},{"name":"Fundacao para Ciencia e Tecnologia","award":["IT-Lx"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT-Lx"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FP7\/212311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7\/212311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/CTM-NAN\/122868\/2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTM-NAN\/122868\/2010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002999","name":"Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Gravity program 024.001.035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Gravity program 024.001.035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002999","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004054","name":"King Abdulaziz University of Saudi Arabia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71-100-35-HiCi"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71-100-35-HiCi"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An interlayer of LiF in between a metal and an organic semiconductor is commonly used to improve the electron injection. Here, we investigate the effect of moderate bias voltages on the electrical properties of Al\/LiF\/poly(spirofluorene)\/Ba\/Al diodes by systematically varying the thickness of the LiF layer (2-50\u2009nm). Application of forward bias V below the bandgap of LiF (V\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009Eg\u2009\u223c\u200914\u2009V) results in reversible formation of an electrical double layer at the LiF\/poly(spirofluorene) hetero-junction. Electrons are trapped on the poly(spirofluorene) side of the junction, while positively charged defects accumulate in the LiF with number densities as high as 1025\/m3. Optoelectronic measurements confirm the built-up of aggregated, ionized F centres in the LiF as the positive trapped charges. The charged defects result in efficient transport of electrons from the polymer across the LiF, with current densities that are practically independent of the thickness of the LiF layer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4917461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,17]],"date-time":"2015-04-17T00:30:12Z","timestamp":1429230612000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Electrical conduction of LiF interlayers in organic diodes"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Benjamin F.","family":"Bory","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eindhoven University of Technology 1 Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Henrique L.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portugal and Universidade do Algarve 2 Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Av. Rovisco, Pais, 1, 1049\u2013001, Lisboa, , Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9 A. J.","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eindhoven University of Technology 1 Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Dago M.","family":"de Leeuw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Germany and King Abdulaziz University 3 Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Stefan C. J.","family":"Meskers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eindhoven University of Technology 1 Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023062316432091700_c1","volume-title":"Alkali Halides: A Handbook of Physical Properties","year":"2001"},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.1063\/1.106091","volume":"59","year":"1991","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1063\/1.118344","volume":"70","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1063\/1.119392","volume":"71","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1446988","volume":"80","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1063\/1.368299","volume":"84","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1383800","volume":"79","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6159","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1562739","volume":"93","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1324681","volume":"89","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgel.2004.08.001","volume":"5","year":"2004","journal-title":"Org. Electron."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5179","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.11.5179","volume":"11","year":"1975","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201002293","volume":"21","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L782","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6028(86)90232-3","volume":"175","year":"1986","journal-title":"Surf. Sci."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c14","volume-title":"Self Trapped Excitons","year":"1996","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/pssb.201200488","volume":"250","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. Status Solidi B"},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153509","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4802485","volume":"102","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c17","unstructured":"J.\u2008Hutchby and M.\u2008Garner, Assessment of the Potential and Maturity of Selected Emerging Research Memory Technologies, http:\/\/www.itrs.net\/Links\/2013ITRS\/2013Chapters\/2013ERD.pdf."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222106","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3520517","volume":"97","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2798","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1139046","volume":"57","year":"1986","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1063\/1.88193","volume":"26","year":"1975","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1969.0021","volume":"308","year":"1969","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. London A"},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"085208","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.78.085208","volume":"78","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c23","unstructured":"See supplementary material at http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1063\/1.4917461 for thickness characterization, electrical characteristics at reduced temperature, modeling of tunneling transport through the alkali halide \/ organic semiconductor interface, modeling of the time-dependence of the current density, further optoelectronic characterization of charge accumulation and admittance spectoscopy."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgel.2007.10.002","volume":"9","year":"2008","journal-title":"Org. Electron."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"083305","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3628301","volume":"99","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1729774","volume":"34","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A223","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.136.A223","volume":"136","year":"1964","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3421","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.2.3421","volume":"2","year":"1970","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2313(02)00460-X","volume":"100","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Lumin."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2004.838080","volume":"10","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE J. Quant. Electron."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192103","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2806275","volume":"91","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233502","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4903831","volume":"105","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.91.568","volume":"91","year":"1953","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.101.1685","volume":"101","year":"1956","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3697(64)90096-4","volume":"25","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Solids"},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39\u201343","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-6090(73)90218-6","volume":"18","year":"1973","journal-title":"Thin Solid Films"},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-207X(76)81130-X","volume":"26","year":"1976","journal-title":"Vacuum"},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123302","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4896636","volume":"105","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1088\/0508-3443\/16\/4\/304","volume":"16","year":"1965","journal-title":"Br. J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1088\/0959-5309\/60\/3\/304","volume":"60","year":"1948","journal-title":"Proc. Phys. Soc."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00761807","volume":"9","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"2023062316432091700_c42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3491","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1658225","volume":"40","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/jap\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1063\/1.4917461\/15161075\/155502_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/scitation.aip.org\/deliver\/fulltext\/aip\/journal\/jap\/117\/15\/1.4917461.pdf?itemId=\/content\/aip\/journal\/jap\/117\/15\/10.1063\/1.4917461&mimeType=pdf&containerItemId=content\/aip\/journal\/jap","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/jap\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1063\/1.4917461\/15161075\/155502_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/jap\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1063\/1.4917461\/15161075\/155502_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T19:16:36Z","timestamp":1748373396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jap\/article\/117\/15\/155502\/139272\/Electrical-conduction-of-LiF-interlayers-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,16]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.4917461","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8979","1089-7550"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8979","type":"print"},{"value":"1089-7550","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,21]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,16]]},"article-number":"155502"}}