{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T17:11:57Z","timestamp":1762621917563,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, the performance of a photovoltaic (PV) installation is assessed. The plant consists of a grid-connected centralized system, where the supplied power is not associated with a particular electricity customer. Operational data from this PV plant, ground-mounted and located in the north of Portugal, are now available for a period of 3 years. The plant is equipped with PV modules (amorphous Si cells), with 60 Wp per module, and a total generating capacity of 124.2 kWp. In this installation, 24 inverters are used. To obtain an accurate prediction of the efficiency and power output, the characteristics of all plant components were introduced in the PVsyst software and TRNSYS software, together with meteorological data: either those collected at a local meteorological station or those provided by Meteonorm. The results obtained through the simulations and the measured output power values were compared. The results showed that both PVsyst and TRNSYS seem to be good tools to predict the annual electrical production of a PV plant, with an average relative difference in the results between both around 2%. In the simulations, parameters like orientation and inclination of the PV modules were analyzed and recommendations for improving the PV system production are given. The results showed that in the annual electrical production, the effect of panel tilt angle is more significant than the effect of panel orientation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4935376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,6]],"date-time":"2015-11-06T18:00:47Z","timestamp":1446832847000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Comparison of software prediction and measured performance of a grid-connected photovoltaic power plant"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2960-1649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Palmero-Marrero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Porto 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, , Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management (INEGI) 2 , Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6057-4573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 C.","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management (INEGI) 2 , Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4744-7929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armando C.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Porto 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, , Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management (INEGI) 2 , Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023063015254661500_c1","unstructured":"International Energy Agency, \u201cPhotovoltaic power system programme,\u201d Annual Report No. IEA-PVPS\u20082013."},{"key":"2023063015254661500_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2009.07.015","article-title":"Grid-connected photovoltaic power systems: Technical and potential problems\u2014A review","volume":"14","year":"2010","journal-title":"Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev."},{"key":"2023063015254661500_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2013.02.057","article-title":"Solar power generation by PV (photovoltaic) technology: A review","volume":"53","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"2023063015254661500_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2013.12.041","article-title":"Temperature and wind speed impact on the efficiency of PV installations. Experience obtained from outdoor measurements in Greece","volume":"66","year":"2014","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"key":"2023063015254661500_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2005.09.028","article-title":"Design of grid connected PV systems considering electrical, economical and environmental aspects: A practical case","volume":"31","year":"2006","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"key":"2023063015254661500_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2012.10.022","article-title":"Predicting the behavior of a grid-connected photovoltaic system from measurements of solar radiation and ambient temperature","volume":"104","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"2023063015254661500_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2014.10.028","article-title":"Optimal sizing of grid-connected photovoltaic energy system in Saudi Arabia","volume":"75","year":"2015","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"key":"2023063015254661500_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2008.10.001","article-title":"Optimising the economic viability of grid-connected photovoltaic systems","volume":"86","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"2023063015254661500_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2013.10.027","article-title":"Ecodesign of photovoltaic grid-connected systems","volume":"64","year":"2014","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"key":"2023063015254661500_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2013.08.035","article-title":"Performance of grid-tied PV facilities: A case study based on real data","volume":"76","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manage."},{"key":"2023063015254661500_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-2619(02)00144-7","article-title":"Performance of a grid connected small PV system in Poland","volume":"74","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"2023063015254661500_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2013.03.075","article-title":"Performance analysis of a 190 kWp grid interactive solar photovoltaic power plant in India","volume":"55","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"2023063015254661500_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2006.10.021","article-title":"Comparison of measured and predicted long term performance of grid a connected photovoltaic system","volume":"48","year":"2007","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manage."},{"key":"2023063015254661500_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2010.12.011","article-title":"Experimental results and simulation with TRNSYS of a 7.2 kWp grid-connected photovoltaic system","volume":"88","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"2023063015254661500_c15","unstructured":"See http:\/\/www.cavalum.com\/en for Cavalum company, accessed June 2014."},{"volume-title":"TRNSYS 17, A Transient System Simulation Program","year":"2009","key":"2023063015254661500_c16"},{"key":"2023063015254661500_c17","unstructured":"See http:\/\/www.meteotest.ch for Meteonorm v.7. Produced by Meteotest, Meteonorm Handbook, Parts I, II, and III. Bern, Switzerland, accessed June 2014."},{"key":"2023063015254661500_c18","unstructured":"See http:\/\/www.pvsyst.com\/en for PVsyst: Software for Photovoltaic Systems, accessed June 2014."},{"key":"2023063015254661500_c19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.\u2008Perez, R.\u2008Stewart, R.\u2008Seals, and T.\u2008Guertin, \u201cThe development and verification of the perez diffuse radiation model,\u201d Sandia Report No. SAND88-7030, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA\u20081988.","DOI":"10.2172\/7024029"},{"key":"2023063015254661500_c20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2013.07.004","article-title":"A simplified model for the estimation of energy production of PV systems","volume":"59","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy"},{"volume-title":"Photovoltaic System Performance Monitoring\u2014Guidelines for Measurements, Data Exchange and Analysis","year":"1998","author":"IEC. 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