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After the spot has been ignited by the action of the cloud (which takes a few nanoseconds), the metal in the spot is melted and accelerated toward the periphery of the spot, with the main driving force being the pressure due to incident ions. Electron emission cooling and convective heat transfer are dominant mechanisms of cooling in the spot, limiting the maximum temperature of the cathode to approximately 4700\u20134800\u2009K. A crater is formed on the cathode surface in this way. After the plasma cloud has been extinguished, a liquid-metal jet is formed and a droplet is ejected. No explosions have been observed. The modeling results conform to estimates of different mechanisms of cathode erosion derived from the experimental data on the net and ion erosion of copper cathodes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4995368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]],"date-time":"2017-10-26T13:46:33Z","timestamp":1509025593000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Detailed numerical simulation of cathode spots in vacuum arcs: Interplay of different mechanisms and ejection of droplets"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"H. T. 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