{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T05:25:42Z","timestamp":1759814742593,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"21","funder":[{"name":"Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016623"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016623"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015494","name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UID\/Multi\/04326\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/04326\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015494","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The transient electrical behavior of an electrode\/electrolyte interface based on an electrode micro-structured with gold protruding mushroom shapes is measured and modeled. The application of a voltage pulse train with changing frequency generates a corresponding train of current pulses with an offset current that approaches a saturation limit exponentially. The transient behavior of the electrical current was accurately reproduced using the Nernst-Planck-Poisson model and the geometric parameters of the mushroom shape. Spatiotemporal patterns of the electric field demonstrate that the current transient is caused by a slow kinetics of charges accumulating at the gold\/electrolyte interface and under the micro-mushroom cap. The accumulation of charges establishes an internal electrical potential that drives a Faradic current through the mushroom\/electrolyte interface. The aim of this work is to understand how this charge dynamics in the vicinity of the three-dimensional electrode surfaces is established and how it can be minimized to prevent damage to cells and tissues under electrical stimulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5042712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]],"date-time":"2018-12-03T17:19:22Z","timestamp":1543857562000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Transient electrical behavior of an electrode\/electrolyte interface based on a surface micro-structured with gold mushroom shapes"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o A.","family":"Reis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Departamento de Engenharia Electrot\u00e9cnica e Computadores, Universidade de Coimbra 1 , 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria C. R.","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Departamento de Engenharia Electrot\u00e9cnica e Computadores, Universidade de Coimbra 1 , 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro M.","family":"In\u00e1cio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es 2 , Avenida Rovisco, Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia 3 , 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Cerquido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica dos Materiais da Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Nanoci\u00eancias e Nanotecnologia, Departamento de F\u00edsica e Astronomia, Universidade do Porto 4 , Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0494-3009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica dos Materiais da Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Nanoci\u00eancias e Nanotecnologia, Departamento de F\u00edsica e Astronomia, Universidade do Porto 4 , Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3664-4740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrique L.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es 2 , Avenida Rovisco, Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia 3 , 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023062518523772000_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2012.265","volume":"8","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14100","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14100","volume":"5","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2009.0087","volume":"6","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00265.2010","volume":"104","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14284","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14697-y","volume":"7","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"066009","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/6\/6\/066009","volume":"6","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"year":"2007","key":"2023062518523772000_c7","first-page":"1247"},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2865","DOI":"10.1039\/c2lc40091j","volume":"12","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fneng.2012.00021","volume":"5","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Neuroeng."},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1420","volume":"7","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27110","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27110","volume":"6","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)90606-3","volume":"462","year":"1988","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(94)90124-4","volume":"58","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.79.2.595","volume":"79","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36498","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36498","volume":"6","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2018.03.158","volume":"445","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c17","first-page":"92","volume-title":"Electrochemical Methods","year":"2001","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1750906","volume":"9","year":"1941","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2005.847523","volume":"52","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1109\/MCAS.2010.938637","volume":"10","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Circuits Syst. Mag."},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2013.2270179","volume":"8","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst."},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbsr.2016.06.002","volume":"10","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Bio-Sensing Res."},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/00018732.2010.544961","volume":"60","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Phys."},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4906","DOI":"10.1038\/srep04906","volume":"4","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3115","DOI":"10.1109\/TED.2010.2065951","volume":"57","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Electron Devices"},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1021\/nl904092h","volume":"10","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7669","DOI":"10.1021\/nn202983n","volume":"5","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201103148","volume":"22","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3498","DOI":"10.1109\/TED.2015.2439635","volume":"62","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Electron Devices"},{"year":"2011","key":"2023062518523772000_c30","first-page":"4.4.1"},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"054904","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4749411","volume":"112","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1109\/TED.2013.2263000","volume":"60","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Electron Devices"},{"year":"2012","key":"2023062518523772000_c33","first-page":"10.3.1"},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124108","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4729915","volume":"111","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2827","DOI":"10.1109\/TED.2014.2331707","volume":"61","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Electron Devices"},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"021502","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.75.021502","volume":"75","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"021503","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.75.021503","volume":"75","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6045","DOI":"10.1021\/j100280a117","volume":"90","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem."},{"year":"2010","key":"2023062518523772000_c39","first-page":"3"},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1109\/7.869502","volume":"36","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"2023062518523772000_c41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2013.11.002","volume":"115","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/jap\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1063\/1.5042712\/13449097\/214902_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/jap\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1063\/1.5042712\/13449097\/214902_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]],"date-time":"2023-06-25T18:52:50Z","timestamp":1687719170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jap\/article\/124\/21\/214902\/156033\/Transient-electrical-behavior-of-an-electrode"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.5042712","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8979","1089-7550"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0021-8979"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1089-7550"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]]},"article-number":"214902"}}