{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T11:50:42Z","timestamp":1772538642178,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,13]],"date-time":"2019-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,13]],"date-time":"2019-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550016000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["277193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["277193"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["284623"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["284623"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Reliable and accurate knowledge of the physical properties of elementary point defects is crucial for predictive modeling of the evolution of radiation damage in materials employed in harsh conditions. We have applied positron annihilation spectroscopy to directly detect mono-vacancy defects created in tungsten through particle irradiation at cryogenic temperatures, as well as their recovery kinetics. We find that efficient self-healing of the primary damage takes place through Frenkel pair recombination already at 35 K, in line with an upper bound of 0.1 eV for the migration barrier of self-interstitials. Further self-interstitial migration is observed above 50 K with activation energies in the range of 0.12\u20130.42 eV through the release of the self-interstitial atoms from impurities and structural defects and following recombination with mono-vacancies. Mono-vacancy migration is activated at around 550 K with a migration barrier of EmV=1.85\u00b10.05 eV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5082150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,13]],"date-time":"2019-02-13T12:52:23Z","timestamp":1550062343000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Direct observation of mono-vacancy and self-interstitial recovery in tungsten"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Heikinheimo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University 1 , P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1703-2247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Mizohata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Helsinki 2 , P.O. Box 43, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"R\u00e4is\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Helsinki 2 , P.O. Box 43, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0213-7305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Ahlgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Helsinki 2 , P.O. Box 43, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Jalkanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Helsinki 2 , P.O. Box 43, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Lahtinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Helsinki 2 , P.O. 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