{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T01:17:11Z","timestamp":1773105431752,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"10","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-031200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-031200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Pest-OE\/CTM\/ LA0024\/2011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Pest-OE\/CTM\/ LA0024\/2011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/CTM-NAN\/4737\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTM-NAN\/4737\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/NAN-MAT\/31688\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/NAN-MAT\/31688\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SERH\/BD\/93597\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SERH\/BD\/93597\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011688","name":"Electronic Components and Systems for European Leadership","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["692519"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["692519"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011688","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (p-MTJs) have been explored for spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory devices (STT-MRAMs). The current-induced switching (CIS) of the p-MTJs requires a relatively high current density (J); thereby, very thin insulating barriers are required, consequently increasing the risk of non-tunneling conduction mechanisms through the MgO film. In this work, we fabricated CoFeB\/MgO\/CoFeB p-MTJs and studied the CIS characteristics, with the obtained switching current densities of about 2\u2009\u00d7\u20091010 A\/m2. The filament conduction through the MgO film was induced by applying a high set current (Iset) until a significant decrease in the resistance (R) is observed. A decrease in R with increasing current (I) for parallel (P) and antiparallel (AP) states was observed. In contrast, an increase in R with the increasing I value was observed for filament p-MTJs. We used a two-channel model to extract the filament resistance (Rf) and filament current (If). The Rf dependence on the electrical power (Pf) was linearly fitted, and a heating coefficient \u03b2 of about 6%\/mW was obtained, which was much higher than 0.15%\/mW obtained from the bulk metallic multilayers of the top electrode. The CIS for filament p-MTJs was modeled by considering the bias dependence of the tunneling and the thermal dependence of Rf, showing a significant change in the CIS curves and switching currents. Our study addresses the effect of filament conduction on the tunneling current of CoFeB\/MgO\/CoFeB p-MTJs, critical for the design and control of the p-MTJ based devices, such as STT-MRAMs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5087952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]],"date-time":"2019-03-12T12:54:03Z","timestamp":1552395243000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Assessment of conduction mechanisms through MgO ultrathin barriers in CoFeB\/MgO\/CoFeB perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5275-0650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hua","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC - Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias 1 , 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Superior Tecnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa 2 , 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joao","family":"Fidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC - Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias 1 , 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Superior Tecnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa 2 , 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana V.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC - Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias 1 , 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8419-2967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana C.","family":"Leitao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC - Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias 1 , 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Superior Tecnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa 2 , 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kampfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems IPMS 3 , 01099 Dresden, Germany"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Riedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems IPMS 3 , 01099 Dresden, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6319-8259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juergen","family":"Langer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singulus Technologies AG 4 , 63796 Kahl am Main, Germany"}]},{"given":"Jerzy","family":"Wrona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singulus Technologies AG 4 , 63796 Kahl am Main, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3546-5110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berthold","family":"Ocker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singulus Technologies AG 4 , 63796 Kahl am Main, Germany"}]},{"given":"Paulo P.","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC - Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias 1 , 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC - Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias 1 , 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Superior Tecnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa 2 , 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023061800422082900_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2804","volume":"9","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. 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