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Flowing current in an underlying Ta layer generates in the adjacent TCE structure spin\u2013orbit torques, which induce field-free switching of the four-state MTJ between all its resistance states. The demonstrated four-state MTJ is an important step toward fabricating multi-level MTJs with numerous resistance states, which could be important in various spintronics applications, such as multi-level magnetic random access or neuromorphic memory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0014771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]],"date-time":"2020-08-19T12:02:45Z","timestamp":1597838565000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A four-state magnetic tunnel junction switchable with spin\u2013orbit torques"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1830-1226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shubhankar","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Nano-magnetism Research Center, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University 1 , Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6639-5234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariel","family":"Zaig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Nano-magnetism Research Center, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University 1 , Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel"}]},{"given":"Moty","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Nano-magnetism Research Center, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University 1 , Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6913-6529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores \u2013 Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) 2 , 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Instituto Superior Tecnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa 3 , 1040-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8419-2967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana C.","family":"Leitao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores \u2013 Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) 2 , 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Instituto Superior Tecnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa 3 , 1040-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1233-9453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lior","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Nano-magnetism Research Center, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University 1 , Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023061717045775800_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2017.07.007","volume":"20","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. 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