{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T13:29:09Z","timestamp":1775395749862,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000921","name":"European Cooperation in Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA15119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA15119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/NAN-MAT\/29989\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/NAN-MAT\/29989\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Shrinking device dimensions demand a high level of control and manipulation of materials at microscale and nanoscale. Microfluidics has a diverse application spectrum including thermal management of chips, point-of-care diagnostics, and biomedical analysis, to name a few. Inkjet printing (IJP) is a manufacturing method used for micro-\/nanofabrication and surface restructuring, and liquid inks are characterized based on their density, surface tension, and viscosity for their printability. Nanofluids as colloidal dispersions of nanoparticles hold potential in various heating, cooling, lubricating, and biomedical applications with the premise of nanoparticles\u2019 size and concentration effects and interactions between nanoparticle\u2013nanoparticle and nanoparticle\u2013base fluid. In order to explore the microfluidic behavior of nanofluids, using micro-volumes of nanofluids and\/or confining them in a micro-system is essential. With this motivation, we present a printability assessment on the potential of low concentration ZnO\u2013water nanofluids by utilizing a combined theoretical and experimental approach. For 0.05 vol.\u2009%\u20130.4 vol.\u2009% of ZnO\u2013water nanofluids, results showed that for a nozzle diameter of 25 \u03bcm, the samples do not exhibit the energy necessary for drop formation, while for 50 \u03bcm and 100 \u03bcm nozzle diameters, the samples behave as satellite droplets. Although satellite droplets were generally not desirable for IJP, the recently introduced satellite droplet printing concept may be applicable to the printing of aqueous nano-ZnO dispersions considered in this work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0037883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T15:22:42Z","timestamp":1611069762000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Drop-on-demand assessment of microdrops of dilute ZnO\u2013water nanofluids"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1005-4294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elif Begum","family":"Elcioglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Eskisehir Technical University 1 , 26555 Eskisehir, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6774-116X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. M. Sohel","family":"Murshed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon 2 , 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023080722432626000_c1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles","volume-title":"Developments and Applications of Non-Newtonian Flows","author":"Siginer","year":"1995"},{"key":"2023080722432626000_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-020-4776-y","article-title":"A critical review of the most popular mathematical models for nanofluid thermal conductivity","volume":"22","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nanopart. 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