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This pinning of the Fermi level activates deep carrier traps that can act as sensitizers of the Cr3+ emission. In agreement with this model, in semi-insulating samples, where the Fermi level lies deep in the bandgap, the Cr3+ emission is present already in as-grown samples, and no enhancement of its intensity is observed upon proton irradiation. The boost of the Cr3+ emission yield by irradiation, observed in conductive samples, is reversed by thermal annealing in argon at temperatures above 550\u2009\u00b0C for 30\u2009s. The results reveal a high potential of Cr-doped \u03b2-Ga2O3 for in situ and ex situ optical radiation detection and dosimetry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0089541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T10:53:41Z","timestamp":1656500021000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Enhancing the luminescence yield of Cr3+ in <b>\n                     <i>\u03b2<\/i>\n                  <\/b>-Ga2O3 by proton irradiation"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6774-8492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Peres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DECN, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon 1 , Bobadela 2695-066, Portugal"},{"name":"IPFN, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon 2 , Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal"},{"name":"INESC MN 3 , Lisbon 1000-029, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8566-9245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"M. 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