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It is designed for the real-time detection of Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri), a common foodborne pathogen that causes severe gastrointestinal diseases. The sensor development includes three distinct diameters of S-tapered structures. The performance of tapered sections was improved by using molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (MoS2-NSs), zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO-NWs), and photoluminescent bimetallic gold\u2013copper nanoclusters (AuCu\u2013NCs). These nanoparticles greatly improve the sensor\u2019s performance. The sensor is further functionalized using anti-S. flexneri antibodies, allowing for the precise detection and capture of the target bacterium. The results show that the sensor can detect S. flexneri rapidly and accurately, with a linear detection range of 1\u2013108 colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU\/ml) and a low detection limit of 4.412 CFU\/ml. In addition, the sensor\u2019s ability to identify S. flexneri biofilms is demonstrated. Biofilm detection allows us to better understand and control biofilm concerns in the environment, equipment, and biomedical devices. Aptamer examines confirm the sensor\u2019s ability to detect S. flexneri from the lateral direction. This study makes a significant contribution to the field of biosensing because no biophotonic sensor has previously been developed specifically for the detection of S. flexneri, fulfilling a critical gap in the arena of food safety and pathogen detection. The 3S sensor\u2019s performance, robustness, and potential for practical applications make it an important addition to the field of photonics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0223660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T21:35:45Z","timestamp":1728423345000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Novel 3S-shaped biophotonic sensor utilizing MoS2\u2013NSs\/ZnO\u2013NWs\/AuCu\u2013NCs for rapid detection of <i>Shigella flexneri<\/i> bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6016-9245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University 1 , Liaocheng 252059,","place":["China"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9677-3582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ragini","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation 2 , Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh 522302,","place":["India"]},{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Nanotechnology, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation 3 , Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh 522302,","place":["India"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7459-2043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Nedoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications, VSB \u2013 Technical University of Ostrava 4 , Ostrava 70800,","place":["Czech Republic"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9202-5656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinglin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University 1 , Liaocheng 252059,","place":["China"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1192-8002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng-Zhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaocheng People\u2019s Hospital, Medical College, Liaocheng University 5 , Liaocheng 252000,","place":["China"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6500-4964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Tosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nazarbayev University 6 , 010000 Astana,","place":["Kazakhstan"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8596-5092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, VSB \u2013 Technical University of Ostrava 7 , Ostrava 70800,","place":["Czech Republic"]},{"name":"CICECO \u2013 Aveiro Institute of Materials, Physics Department, University of Aveiro 8 , 3810-193 Aveiro,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6354-8095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bingyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University 1 , Liaocheng 252059,","place":["China"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4149-0096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santosh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Nanotechnology, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation 3 , Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh 522302,","place":["India"]}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024100821353836000_c1","first-page":"793","volume":"15","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Invent. 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