{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T11:11:47Z","timestamp":1767611507839,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019784","name":"EUROfusion","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101052200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101052200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019784","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-SC0014264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0014264"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research, and Innovation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018708","name":"Euratom Research and Training Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101052200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101052200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ITER Organization"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous investigations on JET suggest half or less of plasma stored thermal energy Wth is radiated (frad,th\u22720.5) using either massive gas injection (MGI) or shattered pellet injection (SPI) disruption mitigation. We investigate whether the apparent incomplete frad,th is explained by radiation peaking near the injection plume. High toroidal peaking throughout the pre-thermal quench is found in argon\u2013deuterium MGI on JET, with typically &amp;gt;3\u00d7 higher radiation near the injector than toroidally distant. Previously unexplained toroidal bolometry measurements in neon\u2013deuterium SPI are reproduced with similar peaking using the Emis3D radiation analysis code. These observations align with results from Alcator C-Mod and KSTAR. This peaking is not captured by previous JET studies that found poor thermal mitigation. Two sets of neon\u2013deuterium SPI and two sets of argon\u2013deuterium MGI are analyzed using Emis3D. In SPI, frad,th rises from no-plume estimates of 0.31 and 0.66 to lower bounds of 0.84 and 0.92, respectively, and frad,th\u223c1 is possible. In MGI, the toroidal spread of the peaking feature is poorly constrained. frad,th up to 0.85 and 0.65 are possible using the largest possible spread, increasing from 0.42 and 0.28, although frad,th\u223c1 does not appear to be reached. Revised mitigation estimates on JET suggest a lower melt risk to the divertor in mitigated disruptions on ITER and SPARC than previously thought. However, peaking near injectors could increase flash melting risk on nearby plasma facing components.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0261146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:33:34Z","timestamp":1746059614000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Thermal energy mitigation and toroidal peaking effects in JET disruptions"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8152-0814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.","family":"Stein-Lubrano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plasma Science and Fusion Center, MIT 1 , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,","place":["USA"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3408-1497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Sweeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commonwealth Fusion Systems 2 , Devens, Massachusetts 01434,","place":["USA"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9565-3466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Lovell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory 3 , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831,","place":["USA"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0325-7771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Baylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory 3 , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831,","place":["USA"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2638-317X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Bonfiglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consorzio RFX, CNR, ENEA, INFN, Universit\u00e0 di Padova 4 , Acciaierie Venete SpA, C. so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"CNR-ISTP 5 , Padova,","place":["Italy"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8480-0499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, Culham Science Centre 6 , Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB,","place":["United Kingdom"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6560-1881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Granetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plasma Science and Fusion Center, MIT 1 , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,","place":["USA"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8289-536X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Jachmich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ITER Organization 7 , Route de Vinon sur Verdon, 13115 St Paul Lez 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