{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T19:08:12Z","timestamp":1764788892774,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"12","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202306710100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202306710100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101008626"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101008626"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018771","name":"China Science and Technology Exchange Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4-15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018771","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04625\/2025","EAPA_0001\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04625\/2025","EAPA_0001\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017549","name":"Science and Technology Innovation 2025 Major Project of Ningbo Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024Z285"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024Z285"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017549","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of air valves in mitigating pressure surges induced by trapped air pockets during rapid filling operations. A locally transparent pipeline with a high point is constructed to directly observe air\u2013water interactions under varying air volumes and three inlet velocities. Experiments reveal that entrapped air can trigger the most severe pressure surges with volumes below 8\u2009l (1.1\u2009% of pipeline volume) in the absence of an air valve. With air valve installed, the pressure response can be distinctly divided into two characteristic processes: the expulsion process and the compression-leading process, which transition point is objectively identified by a sudden change in the pressure derivative. Key parameters such as water front velocity and air exhaust rate are quantified, and the influence of valve installation position on the pressure history and peak values is systematically analyzed. These findings provide experimental evidence and theoretical guidance for the optimal design and safe operation of air valves in water conveyance systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0301523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T18:54:12Z","timestamp":1764788052000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of air valves on air\u2013water dynamics during pump startup and shutdown"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2374-9199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruilin","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5222-0679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsen","family":"Besharat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds 3 , Leeds,","place":["United Kingdom"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1302-2191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mike","family":"van Meerkerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydraulics for Infrastructure and Industry 4 , Deltares,","place":["Netherlands"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4055-8110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"van Batenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydraulics for Infrastructure and Industry 4 , Deltares,","place":["Netherlands"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4428-3324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Moreno-Rodenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydraulics for Infrastructure and Industry 4 , Deltares,","place":["Netherlands"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6197-9329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elias","family":"Tasca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, State University of Campinas 5 , Campinas 13083-872,","place":["Brazil"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1750-6126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9028-9711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena M.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon 2 , Lisbon,","place":["Portugal"]}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120313540981800_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3390\/w8010025","article-title":"Hydraulic transients caused by air expulsion during rapid filling of undulating pipelines","volume":"8","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"2025120313540981800_c2","first-page":"552","article-title":"Air expulsion analysis of an industrial air valve using CFD","year":"2021"},{"key":"2025120313540981800_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2687","DOI":"10.1007\/s11269-016-1310-1","article-title":"Study of a compressed air vessel for controlling the pressure surge in water networks: CFD and experimental analysis","volume":"30","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Resour. 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